Impact of a Culturally Tailored Diabetes Education and Empowerment Program in a Mexican American Population Along the US/Mexico Border: A Pragmatic Study

Silvia Flores-Luevano, Maricela Pacheco, Gurjeet S. Shokar, Alok Kumar Dwivedi, Navkiran K. Shokar

Abstract


Background: The study purpose was to deliver a diabetes education program under real world conditions and evaluate its effect on diabetes-related clinical, self-management and psychosocial outcomes among Mexican Americans residing along the US/Mexico border.

Methods: A pragmatic study was conducted among adult patients with diabetes in three primary care clinics located along the US/Mexico border. A bilingual culturally tailored diabetes education program incorporating hands-on participatory techniques was delivered in 4 - 8 weekly group sessions. Clinical, self-management and psychosocial outcomes were evaluated pre- and post-intervention with surveys and medical record review.

Results: A total of 209 participants were enrolled; mean age was 58.9 years (range 23 - 94, standard deviation: 11.2); 68.4% were female; 91.1% were Hispanic. Significant improvements were observed in glycated hemoglobin (-1.1%, P < 0.001, n = 79), total cholesterol (-17.2 mg/dL, P = 0.041, n = 63), glucose self-monitoring (+1.3 times a week, P = 0.021, n = 115), exercise less than once a week (-18.2%, P < 0.001, n = 129), nutritional behavior (+2.23, P < 0.001, n = 115), knowledge (+1. 83, P < 0.001, n = 141) and diabetes-related emotional distress (-7.32, P = 0.002, n = 111). Benefits were observed with attendance rates as low as 50%.

Conclusion: A clinic-based culturally competent diabetes education/self-management program resulted in significant improvements in outcomes among Hispanic participants. Experimentally tested culturally appropriate interventions adapted for real world situations can benefit Mexican American diabetic patients even when attendance is imperfect.




J Clin Med Res. 2020;12(8):517-529
doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4273

Keywords


Type 2 diabetes; Diabetes self-management education; Culturally competent interventions; Health education; Hispanics; Mexican American

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