J Clin Med Res
Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
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Letter to the Editor

Volume 5, Number 4, August 2013, pages 322-323


Trends of Ankylosing Spondylitis Ossification

Alexander P Rozina, b

aB. Shine Department of Rheumatology. Rambam Health Care Campus and Technion. Haifa, Israel
bCorresponding author: Department of Rheumatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, POB 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel

Manuscript accepted for publication April 15, 2013
Short title: Trends of Ankylosing Spondylitis Ossification
doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/jocmr1409w

To the Editor▴Top 

Different inflammatory joint diseases have distinct patterns of bone damage with pronounced erosions without repair in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a combination of bone destruction and bone formation in psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and dominant new bone formation in non-psoriatic spondyloarthritis (SpA). Wnts proteins are important for the development and maintenance of bone by inducing the differentiation and maturation of precursor osteoblasts to active osteoblasts. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) protein antagonizes Wnts by binding to the LRP receptor on the target cells, resulting in internalization of the receptor and inhibition of Wnt-mediated canonical signaling [1]. Consistently, serum DKK-1 levels are elevated in human RA but low in axial SpA. Low DKK-1/Wnts result in osteoblast induced marginal ossification of anulus fibrosus, ligaments and capsules in SpA patients (Fig. 1) and high DKK-1/Wnts induce RANKL-osteoclast mediated erosive bone damage in RA patients. We met central SIJ chondrocalcinosis like ossification with free joint margins, which looks as yet an unreported pathway of the ossification in SpA in 24 year old man with 1.5 year history of inflammatory back and buttock pain and normal serum Ca and PTH. Endochondral ossification is one of the two essential processes during fetal development along with intramembranous ossification. The predominant forms of calcifications: calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) and basic calcium phosphate (BCP) have been recently studied but not in SIJ fibrocartilage [2]. Recently the positive correlation between cartilage calcification and aging has been accurately established [3]. Age related changes in cartilage water and proteoglycan content may play a role as well as lower level of TGF-beta with stimulation of production inorganic phosphate similarly inflammatory related [4, 5]. We propose vascular impairments associated with cartilage hypoxia in inflammatory joint. That is followed by deep layer cartilage necrosis, releasing basic phospate interacting with Ca++ forming crystal deposits (Fig. 2).

Figure 1.
Click for large image
Figure 1. Low DKK-1/Wnts ration results in osteoblast induced marginal ossification of anulus fibrosus, ligaments and capsules (arrows) in patients with spondyloarthropathy.

Conflict of Interest

None.


References▴Top 
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  2. Canhao H, Fonseca JE, Leandro MJ, Romeu JC, Pimentao JB, Costa JT, Queiroz MV. Cross-sectional study of 50 patients with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal arthropathy. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20(2):119-122.
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  3. Mitsuyama H, Healey RM, Terkeltaub RA, Coutts RD, Amiel D. Calcification of human articular knee cartilage is primarily an effect of aging rather than osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15(5):559-565.
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  4. DeGroot J, Verzijl N, Bank RA, Lafeber FP, Bijlsma JW, TeKoppele JM. Age-related decrease in proteoglycan synthesis of human articular chondrocytes: the role of nonenzymatic glycation. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42(5):1003-1009.
    pubmed
  5. Rosen F, McCabe G, Quach J, Solan J, Terkeltaub R, Seegmiller JE, Lotz M. Differential effects of aging on human chondrocyte responses to transforming growth factor beta: increased pyrophosphate production and decreased cell proliferation. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(7):1275-1281.
    pubmed


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