J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Short Communication

Volume 15, Number 4, April 2023, pages 239-242

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Dysmenorrhea in the General Female Population

**Table 1.** Clinical Data of the Study Subjects According to the Severity of Dysmenorrhea
Variables	All (n = 2,805)	Mild (n = 1,451)	Moderate (n = 1,076)	Severe (n = 278)	P value
Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), and percentage. P values present the difference in each variable among females with mild to severe dysmenorrhea (by Chi-squared test or ANOVA). ^aP < 0.05 in comparison to the mild dysmenorrhea group (by the residual tests following Chi-squared test or the multiple comparison tests following ANOVA). ^bP < 0.05 in comparison to the moderate dysmenorrhea group (by the residual tests following Chi-squared test or the multiple comparison tests following ANOVA). BMI: body mass index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein.
Age group					< 0.01
≤ 40 years, %	11.9	9.6	14.0	15.1^{a, b}	-
41 - 49 years, %	66.0	64.0	63.4	67.6^{a, b}	-
≥ 50 years, %	22.1	26.4	17.6	17.3^a	-
Age (mean), years	46 ± 5	46 ± 5	45 ± 5^a	45 ± 5^a	< 0.01
BMI, kg/m²	22.5 ± 4.1	22.3 ± 3.9	22.6 ± 4.4	23.3 ± 4.5^a	< 0.01
Current smoking, %	8.9	8.0	9.0	13.3^a	< 0.01
Exercise habit, %	14.5	16.4	12.0^a	14.0	< 0.01
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	205 ± 45	205 ± 48	204 ± 43	205 ± 42	0.72
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	68 ± 15	69 ± 15	67 ± 15^a	65 ± 15^a	< 0.01
Triglycerides, mg/dL	68 (51 - 94)	68 (51 - 92)	68 (50 - 94)	71 (52 - 101)	0.28
Glucose, mg/dL	96 ± 10	96 ± 10	96 ± 10	97 ± 12	0.08

Table 1. Clinical Data of the Study Subjects According to the Severity of Dysmenorrhea

Variables

All (n = 2,805)

Mild (n = 1,451)

Moderate (n = 1,076)

Severe (n = 278)

P value

Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), and percentage. P values present the difference in each variable among females with mild to severe dysmenorrhea (by Chi-squared test or ANOVA). ^aP < 0.05 in comparison to the mild dysmenorrhea group (by the residual tests following Chi-squared test or the multiple comparison tests following ANOVA). ^bP < 0.05 in comparison to the moderate dysmenorrhea group (by the residual tests following Chi-squared test or the multiple comparison tests following ANOVA). BMI: body mass index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein.

Age group

< 0.01

≤ 40 years, %

11.9

9.6

14.0

15.1^{a, b}

41 - 49 years, %

66.0

64.0

63.4

67.6^{a, b}

≥ 50 years, %

22.1

26.4

17.6

17.3^a

Age (mean), years

46 ± 5

45 ± 5^a

< 0.01

BMI, kg/m²

22.5 ± 4.1

22.3 ± 3.9

22.6 ± 4.4

23.3 ± 4.5^a

< 0.01

Current smoking, %

8.9

8.0

9.0

13.3^a

< 0.01

Exercise habit, %

14.5

16.4

12.0^a

14.0

< 0.01

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

205 ± 45

205 ± 48

204 ± 43

205 ± 42

0.72

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

68 ± 15

69 ± 15

67 ± 15^a

65 ± 15^a

< 0.01

Triglycerides, mg/dL

68 (51 - 94)

68 (51 - 92)

68 (50 - 94)

71 (52 - 101)

0.28

Glucose, mg/dL

96 ± 10

97 ± 12

0.08

**Table 2.** Results of a Multiple Regression Model on the BMI Level
Variables	β	Standard error	t	P value
Model 2: instead of age in model 1, the age group (≤ 40, 41 - 49 years, ≥ 50 years) was entered as an explanatory variable into the model. Triglycerides values were log-transformed in the analysis. BMI: body mass index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein.
Model 1
Age, years	0.02	0.01	1.50	0.13
Current smoking, presence	-0.43	0.23	-1.85	0.06
Exercise habit, presence	0.06	0.19	0.33	0.74
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	0.01	0.00	3.72	< 0.01
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	-0.08	0.01	-15.46	< 0.01
Triglycerides, mg/dL	3.69	0.39	9.53	< 0.01
Glucose, mg/dL	0.11	0.01	15.97	< 0.01
Dysmenorrhea, severity level	0.24	0.10	2.41	0.02
Model 2
Age group	0.19	0.12	1.56	0.12
Current smoking, presence	-0.43	0.23	-1.83	0.07
Exercise habit, presence	0.06	0.19	0.30	0.76
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	0.01	0.00	3.78	< 0.01
HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL	-0.08	0.01	-15.47	< 0.01
Triglycerides, mg/dL	3.68	0.39	9.50	< 0.01
Glucose, mg/dL	0.11	0.01	15.97	< 0.01
Dysmenorrhea, severity level	0.24	0.10	2.37	0.02

Table 2. Results of a Multiple Regression Model on the BMI Level

Variables

Standard error

P value

Model 2: instead of age in model 1, the age group (≤ 40, 41 - 49 years, ≥ 50 years) was entered as an explanatory variable into the model. Triglycerides values were log-transformed in the analysis. BMI: body mass index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein.

Model 1

Age, years

0.02

0.01

1.50

0.13

Current smoking, presence

-0.43

0.23

-1.85

0.06

Exercise habit, presence

0.06

0.19

0.33

0.74

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

0.01

0.00

3.72

< 0.01

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

-0.08

0.01

-15.46

< 0.01

Triglycerides, mg/dL

3.69

0.39

9.53

< 0.01

Glucose, mg/dL

0.11

0.01

15.97

< 0.01

Dysmenorrhea, severity level

0.24

0.10

2.41

0.02

Model 2

Age group

0.19

0.12

1.56

0.12

Current smoking, presence

-0.43

0.23

-1.83

0.07

Exercise habit, presence

0.06

0.19

0.30

0.76

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

0.01

0.00

3.78

< 0.01

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

-0.08

0.01

-15.47

< 0.01

Triglycerides, mg/dL

3.68

0.39

9.50

< 0.01

Glucose, mg/dL

0.11

0.01

15.97

< 0.01

Dysmenorrhea, severity level

0.24

0.10

2.37

0.02