Figure 1. Study flow diagrams. The arrows depict the study flow for the two separate analyses.
| Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc |
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Short Communication
Volume 14, Number 9, September 2022, pages 388-393
Prescribing Patterns for Long-Acting Inhaled Bronchodilators Among Rural Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Figure
Tables
| Ever prescribed LABD (N = 93) | Never prescribed LABD (N = 7) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SD: standard deviation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED: emergency department; LABD: long-acting inhaled bronchodilator. | |||
| Age, mean ± SD | 65.2 ± 10.3 | 64.1 ± 8.6 | 0.7656 |
| Male, % | 57 (61.3) | 4 (57.1) | 0.9999 |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD | 29.6 ± 8.1 | 32.8 ± 5.7 | 0.1950 |
| Race | 0.2500 | ||
| White | 93 (100) | 6 (85.7) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 0 | 1 (14.3) | |
| Insurance | 0.3703 | ||
| Medicare | 51 (54.8) | 3 (42.9) | |
| Medicaid | 16 (17.2) | 2 (28.6) | |
| Dual eligible | 14 (15.1) | 0 | |
| Private | 12 (12.9) | 2 (28.6) | |
| Smoking status | 0.3300 | ||
| Never | 4 (4.3) | 1 (16.7) | |
| Current | 35 (37.6) | 2 (33.3) | |
| Former | 54 (58.1) | 3 (50.0) | |
| Source of COPD care (not mutually exclusive) | |||
| Primary care | 86 (92.5) | 7 (100) | 0.9999 |
| Pulmonology | 66 (71.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0.0049 |
| ED | 31 (34.4) | 0 | 0.0933 |
| COPD-related ED visits/hospitalizations (April 1, 2017 - December 31, 2019) | 0.7329 | ||
| 0 | 66 (71.0) | 7 (100) | |
| 1 | 9 (9.7) | ||
| 2 | 4 (4.3) | ||
| 3+ | 14 (15.1) | ||
| Ever prescribed LABD (N = 388) | Never prescribed LABD (N = 73) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SD: standard deviation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LABD: long-acting inhaled bronchodilator. | |||
| Age, mean ± SD | 69.6 ± 10.7 | 72.6 ± 11.5 | 0.0413 |
| Male, % | 178 (45.9) | 36 (49.3) | 0.5889 |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD | 29.1 ± 9.5 | 32.6 ± 13.9 | 0.0453 |
| Race | 0.4195 | ||
| White | 384 (99.0) | 72 (98.6) | |
| Black or African American | 2 (0.5) | 0 | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 1 (0.3) | 0 | |
| Insurance | 0.3465 | ||
| Medicare | 230 (59.3) | 46 (63.0) | |
| Medicaid | 46 (11.9) | 4 (5.5) | |
| Dual eligible | 91 (23.5) | 17 (23.3) | |
| Private | 18 (4.6) | 6 (8.2) | |
| Uninsured | 3 (0.8) | 0 | |
| Smoking status | 0.0122 | ||
| Never | 24 (6.2) | 9 (12.3) | |
| Current | 145 (37.4) | 18 (24.7) | |
| Former | 219 (56.4) | 45 (61.6) | |
| Total number of COPD-related hospitalizations (April 1, 2017 - December 31, 2019) | 597 | 89 | |
| Total person-time (days) | 204,389 | 40,229 | |
| Incidence density | 0.0029 | 0.0022 | 0.0123 |
| Rate ratio yes/no LABD | 1.32 | ||