J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 14, Number 6, June 2022, pages 219-228

Analgesic Efficacy of Multiple Single-Shot Peripheral Nerve Blocks on Postoperative Short-Term Opioid Usage and Clinical Outcomes in a Suburban Hospital Setting

Figure 1. Box plots illustrating the results of the Mann-Whitney U-tests performed on four relevant quantitative variables for the between-group comparison: (a) total consumption of opioids (MME), (b) pain onset time, (c) pain rate reported (1 - 10), and (d) satisfaction with pain management (1 - 10). All tests are non-significant. In-box partitions represent means. Square dots represent medians. Box edges represent 25th and 75th percentiles. Whiskers represent 5th and 95th percentiles. Round dots represent outlying values. P < 0.05.

Figure 2. Bar plots illustrating the between-group comparisons concerning (a) pain perception, (b) bowel care received, (c) requesting opioids, and (d) received opioids variables. I: increased; D: decreased; =: constant (P = 0.011, Fisher’s exact test); Y: yes, N: no (P < 0.001, χ² test). P < 0.05.

**Table 1.** Complete Multiple Linear Regression Model With “Total Consumption of Opioids (MME)” as Regress (P = 0.0003325, F-statistic test)
	Estimate	Std. error	t value	Pr (> ltl)
“Recovery time (h)” is the only significant regressor. P < 0.01.
Intercept	80.2868	120.1329	0.668	0.507346
Age	-2.7692	1.1701	-2.367	0.022312
Bowel activity (yes)	-5.7327	42.5860	-0.135	0.893516
Bowel care received (yes)	-5.1818	41.7323	-0.124	0.901736
Nerve block (1)	46.7676	38.6682	1.209	0.232803
Nerve block (2)	-30.0692	77.9230	-0.386	0.701401
Opioids received (yes)	73.7575	46.3381	1.592	0.118448
Opioids requested (yes)	-20.8222	49.7985	-0.418	0.677841
Pain onset time (h)	-5.5409	3.6244	-1.529	0.133316
Pain rate reported (1-10)	0.5114	6.0608	0.084	0.933130
PONV (yes)	-31.0436	34.7748	-0.893	0.376765
Progress of pain perception (D)	-57.6477	59.2166	-0.974	0.335506
Progress of pain perception (I)	25.3993	53.3519	0.476	0.636327
Recovery time (h)	1.3808	0.3500	3.946	0.000276
Satisfaction with pain management (1-10)	10.9298	7.1683	1.525	0.134323
Sex (M)	-31.5215	32.4362	-0.972	0.336345

Table 1. Complete Multiple Linear Regression Model With “Total Consumption of Opioids (MME)” as Regress (P = 0.0003325, F-statistic test)

Estimate

Std. error

t value

Pr (> ltl)

“Recovery time (h)” is the only significant regressor. P < 0.01.

Intercept

80.2868

120.1329

0.668

0.507346

Age

-2.7692

1.1701

-2.367

0.022312

Bowel activity (yes)

-5.7327

42.5860

-0.135

0.893516

Bowel care received (yes)

-5.1818

41.7323

-0.124

0.901736

Nerve block (1)

46.7676

38.6682

1.209

0.232803

Nerve block (2)

-30.0692

77.9230

-0.386

0.701401

Opioids received (yes)

73.7575

46.3381

1.592

0.118448

Opioids requested (yes)

-20.8222

49.7985

-0.418

0.677841

Pain onset time (h)

-5.5409

3.6244

-1.529

0.133316

Pain rate reported (1-10)

0.5114

6.0608

0.084

0.933130

PONV (yes)

-31.0436

34.7748

-0.893

0.376765

Progress of pain perception (D)

-57.6477

59.2166

-0.974

0.335506

Progress of pain perception (I)

25.3993

53.3519

0.476

0.636327

Recovery time (h)

1.3808

0.3500

3.946

0.000276

Satisfaction with pain management (1-10)

10.9298

7.1683

1.525

0.134323

Sex (M)

-31.5215

32.4362

-0.972

0.336345

**Table 2.** Refined Multiple Linear Regression Model With “Total Consumption of Opioids (MME)” as Regress (P = 2.79 × 10^-6, F-statistic test)
	Estimate	Std. error	t value	Pr (> ltl)
The model was obtained by using the stepwise backward elimination, stepwise forward selection, and best subset selection methods (implemented with the AIC criterion). “Recovery time (h)” is the only significant regressor. P < 0.01.
Intercept	132.9930	75.5701	1.760	0.0840
Age	-2.8915	1.1146	-2.594	0.0121
Nerve block (1)	70.0594	32.0716	2.184	0.0332
Recovery time (h)	1.7344	0.3113	5.572	7.81× 10^-7

Table 2. Refined Multiple Linear Regression Model With “Total Consumption of Opioids (MME)” as Regress (P = 2.79 × 10^-6, F-statistic test)

Estimate

Std. error

t value

Pr (> ltl)

The model was obtained by using the stepwise backward elimination, stepwise forward selection, and best subset selection methods (implemented with the AIC criterion). “Recovery time (h)” is the only significant regressor. P < 0.01.

Intercept

132.9930

75.5701

1.760

0.0840

Age

-2.8915

1.1146

-2.594

0.0121

Nerve block (1)

70.0594

32.0716

2.184

0.0332

Recovery time (h)

1.7344

0.3113

5.572

7.81× 10^-7