| Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website https://www.jocmr.org |
Review
Volume 14, Number 7, July 2022, pages 264-272
Kidney Replacement Therapy in Cardiorenal Syndromes
Table
| Reference | Design | Results |
|---|---|---|
| KRT: kidney replacement therapy; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CRS: cardiorenal syndromes; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CVVH: continuous veno-venous hemofiltration; HF-PEF: heart failure preserved ejection fraction; HF-REF: heart failure reduced ejection fraction; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PD: peritoneal dialysis; SCUF: slow continuous ultrafiltration. | ||
| PD | ||
| Al-Hwiesh et al, 2019 [43] | Prospective, CRS type 1, ultrafiltration versus tidal PD | Tidal PD superior with regard to primary endpoint and tolerability |
| Bertoli et al, 2014 [38] | Retrospective, multicentric, refractory heart failure, PD regimens differed significantly between study sites, no control group | Reduction of hospitalization time due to heart failure |
| Cairns et al, 1968 [32] | PD performed in 16 subjects with refractory heart failure, no control group | Substantial volume depletion in 12 subjects |
| Chopra et al, 1970 [33] | Case study series in four subjects with refractory pulmonary edema due to myocardial infarction | Recompensation in three individuals |
| Grossekettler et al, 2019 [41] | Retrospective cohort study, refractory heart failure, no control group | Improvement of the NYHA stage and of hospitalization due to decompensation |
| Koch et al, 2012 [37] | Prospective, refractory heart failure NYHA stages 3 + 4 and CKD, nocturnal PD, 12 h per night, no control group, follow-up about 1 year | Survival 77%, 71%, and 55% at months 3, 6, and 12; age, diabetes mellitus, serum urea, and brain natriuretic peptide associated with mortality |
| McKinnie et al, 1985 [34] | Case study in refractory heart failure | Prolonged control of volume status over 2 years |
| Pavo et al, 2018 [4] | Prospective, refractory right heart failure, no control group | Number of hospitalizations declined; extended ascites, better residual renal function, and no help needed in performing PD were beneficial |
| Ponce et al, 2017 [5] | Prospective, CRS type 1, high-volume PD with targeted Kt/V (0.5), no control group | Age, ACS and positive fluid balance associated with mortality |
| Rao et al, 2020 [44] | Experimental porcine study, sodium-free dextrose solution for sodium elimination; proof-of-concept in humans | Effective sodium elimination with almost no effect on serum electrolytes; tolerability in humans well |
| Rubin and Ball, 1986 [35] | Case study series in refractory heart failure | Prolonged control of volume status in eight subjects |
| Shao et al, 2018 [40] | Prospective, CRS type 2 and other CRS, follow-up until death or PD discontinuation, no control group | CRS type 2 identified as independent risk factor for death |
| Tormey et al, 1996 [36] | Case study series, intermittent ambulatory in refractory heart failure | Follow-up period of 18 ± 10 months, reduction of in-hospital time and NYHA stage improvement from IV to II |
| Wojtaszek et al, 2019 [42] | Prospective, refractory heart failure, no control group, follow-up 24 ± 8 months | NYHA stages improved, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, decrease of cumulative hospitalization time |
| Xue et al, 2019 [6] | Retrospective cohort study; groups: non-CRS, acute heart failure, CRS type 2 and 4 | All types of CRS were not associated with mortality; CRS type 4 alone was |
| Non-PD KRT | ||
| Bart et al, 2005 [48] | RAPID-CHF trial, prospective, refractory heart failure, ultrafiltration - procedure not specified in detail, control group received drug therapy only, evaluation of subjects at 24 h after therapy initiation | Fluid removal about 4,600 mL in the ultrafiltration group versus about 2,800 mL in the control group; ultrafiltration well tolerated |
| Bart et al, 2012 [49] | CARRESS-HF trial, prospective, CRS type 1, control group received drug therapy only, so-called aquapheresis | Ultrafiltration inferior with regard to the composite endpoint delta serum creatinine and body weight loss; more side effects in the ultrafiltration group |
| Costanzo et al, 2007 [51] | Prospective, hypervolemic heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%, ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretic therapy | Ultrafiltration mediates more efficient volume depletion and reduces rehospitalization rate |
| Costanzo et al, 2016 [45] | AVOID-HF trial, prospective, multicentric, aquaphereses versus drug therapy | Study terminated prematurely due to higher rate of side effects in the aquapheresis group |
| Leskovar et al, 2017 [46] | Retrospective cohort study, refractory HF-REF or HF-PEF ± CKD stage 3 + 4, conventional hemodialysis, no control group | Lower hospital readmission rate, shortening of the annual duration of hospital stay, improved 5-year survival (as compared to the general NHYA stage 4 population) |
| Marenzi et al, 2014 [50] | CUORE trial, prospective, congestive heart failure, ultrafiltration versus drug therapy as first-line treatment | Rehospitalization was lower in subjects receiving ultrafiltration; extracoporal therapy associated with better renal outcome |
| Premuzic et al, 2017 [47] | Prospective, CRS types 1 and 2, CVVH versus SCUF, follow-up 24 months, no control group | Higher survival rates in CVVH-treated subjects |