Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 12, December 2021, pages 549-555

Effects of Influenza Vaccination on the Response to BNT162b2 Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Correlation of total antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and body mass index (BMI) after complete BNT162b2 vaccination in (a), all analyzed HCWs (males and females) vaccinated for seasonal influenza (VAX+) compared to not vaccinated for seasonal influenza (VAX-), the black dotted trend line indicates regression between all analyzed subjects; and in (b), VAX+ and (c), VAX- individuals. Simple regression analysis with P = 0.054 and 0.484 for total males and females, respectively (a); P = 0.356 and 0.560 for VAX- males/females (b); P = 0.148 and 0.973 for VAX+ males/females (c). SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; HCWs: healthcare workers; BAU: binding antibody unit.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Total antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD) response after complete BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals < 35 years old, vaccinated for seasonal influenza (VAX+) and not vaccinated (VAX-), and individuals ≥ 35 years old, vaccinated for seasonal influenza (VAX+) and not vaccinated (VAX-). Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*P < 0.05). SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; BAU: binding antibody unit.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Serum level of total antibodies anti SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) during time after complete BNT162b2 vaccination 15 - 70 days after second dose) in (a) individuals vaccinated for seasonal influenza (VAX+) < 35 and ≥ 35 years old, simple regression analysis with P = 0.001 and 0.0004, respectively; (b) individuals not vaccinated (VAX-) < 35 and ≥ 35 years old, simple regression analysis with P = 0.0003 and 0.003, respectively; and (c) earlier and later immune response, measured within 20 days from complete BNT162b2 vaccination and after 30 - 70days. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). BAU: binding antibody unit.

Table

Table 1. Characteristic of Individuals Analyzed and Total Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) Protein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) Response After Complete BNT162b2 Vaccination
 
TotalMalesFemales< 35 years> 35 years
Patients with relevant comorbidity (including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, kidney disease or cancer) as well as smokers/drinkers subjects have been excluded. SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; VAX+: individuals vaccinated for seasonal influenza; VAX-: individuals not vaccinated for seasonal influenza; BMI: body mass index; RBD: receptor binding domain; BAU: binding antibody unit.
N
  All297108189108189
  VAX+/-165/13263/45102/8765/43100/89
Age
  All42 ± 0.844 ± 1.540 ± 1.025 ± 0.550 ± 0.6
  P0.014
  VAX+/-41 ± 1.1/42 ± 1.144 ± 2.1/44 ± 1.939 ± 1.3/41 ± 1.424 ± 0.5/26 ± 0.751 ± 0.8/49 ± 0.8
  P0.4730.7910.3820.0270.130
BMI
  All24.2 ± 0.225.2 ± 0.323.8 ± 0.322.9 ± 0.325.1 ± 0.3
  P0.005< 0.001
  VAX+/-23.8 ± 0.3/24.9 ± 0.424.8 ± 0.3/25.7 ± 0.523.2 ± 0.4/24.4 ± 0.522.5 ± 0.3/23.1 ± 0.524.7 ± 0.4/25.6 ± 0.5
  P0.02570.09250.08310.16920.1436
Anti-spike-RBD (BAU/mL)
  All1795.5 ± 97.61,727.7 ± 159.31,834.6 ± 124.02,184.8 ± 152.71,590.9 ± 124.6
  P0.5980.0038
  VAX+/-2,047.4 ± 139.9/1,494.2 ± 129.62,090.8 ± 249.8/1,304.1 ± 148.22,041.1 ± 168.5/1,592.5 ± 181.62,339.6 ± 190.4/1,959.7 ± 253.91,874.6 ± 196.1/1,261.5 ± 142.9
  P0.00390.01440.07050.24790.0124