J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 9, September 2021, pages 474-478

Evaluation of Plasma Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Levels in Patients With COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Pneumonia: An Observational Cohort Study

Figure 1. Boxplot of suPAR values in ng/mL (vertical) in patients with negative (left) and positive (right) real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) results for COVID-19. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to calculated statistical differences. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; suPAR: soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor.

**Table 1.** Demographic Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of the Two Groups of Patients
Variables	All patients (n = 41)	COVID-19-positive (n = 21)	COVID-19-negative (n = 20)	P value
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; BMI: body mass index; LOHS: length of hospital stay; PO₂: arterial oxygen partial pressure; FiO₂: fraction of inspired oxygen; WBC: white blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CPK: creatinine kinase; suPAR: soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor.
Age (years)	61.63 ± 16.77	61.57 ± 17.08	61.7 ± 16.88	0.981
Sex (male, %)	29 (71%)	13 (62%)	16 (80%)	0.31
BMI	25.85 (23.32 - 29.1)	25.4 (23.65 - 30.8)	26.4 (23.35 - 28.9)	0.912
Smoking	12 (29%)	5 (24%)	7 (35%)	0.505
Diabetes	7 (17%)	3 (14%)	4 (20%)	0.696
Mortality	8 (19%)	5 (24%)	3 (15%)	0.7
LOHS (days)	9.5 (7 - 12)	10 (8 - 12.5)	9 (4 - 12)	0.577
PO₂/FiO₂	290 (192.5 - 382.1750)	266.425 (195 - 415.8)	290.4 (185 - 407.8)	0.457
Neutrophils (× 10³/µL)	5,090 (3,040 - 8,500)	3,350 (2,230 - 5,795)	8,254.25 ± 3,900.5	0.02
Lymphocytes (× 10³/µL)	860 (576.5 - 1,305)	810 (570 - 1,085)	1,015 (564.75 - 1,937.5)	0.155
WBC (× 10³/µL)	7,350 (4,485 - 11,755)	4,520 (3,515 - 7,560)	10,320 (6,967.5 - 14,802.5)	< 0.001
D-dimers (ng/µL)	840 (460 - 1,690)	872.5 (487.5 - 1,575)	840 (310 - 2,080)	0.822
Monocytes (× 10³/µL)	470 (230 - 830)	230 (157.5 - 525)	605 (430 - 1,130)	0.02
CPK (U/L)	76 (39 - 157)	70 (44.5 - 152.5)	80 (35.75 - 183.2)	0.725
LDH (U/L)	257 (203 - 396.5)	329 (207 - 396.5)	231 (195.75 - 408.25)	0.322
CRP (mg/dL)	7.78 ± 5.06	7.66 ± 5.22	7.92 ± 5.02	0.872
Ferritin (ng/mL)	524 (189.75 - 1,121.25)	560 (182 - 1,317)	416 (174 - 1,024.5)	0.527
Platelets (× 10⁹/L)	249 (166.5 - 303)	187 (156 - 297.5)	274 (218 - 366)	0.98
Fibrinogen (mg/dL)	551.81 ± 137.82	524.05 ± 156.6	581.11 ± 11.76	0.213
suPAR (ng/mL)	10.1 (7.075 - 14.85)	12 (9.55 - 14.9)	7.3 (6.3 - 12.25)	0.021

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of the Two Groups of Patients

Variables

All patients (n = 41)

COVID-19-positive (n = 21)

COVID-19-negative (n = 20)

P value

COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; BMI: body mass index; LOHS: length of hospital stay; PO₂: arterial oxygen partial pressure; FiO₂: fraction of inspired oxygen; WBC: white blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CPK: creatinine kinase; suPAR: soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor.

Age (years)

61.63 ± 16.77

61.57 ± 17.08

61.7 ± 16.88

0.981

Sex (male, %)

29 (71%)

13 (62%)

16 (80%)

0.31

BMI

25.85 (23.32 - 29.1)

25.4 (23.65 - 30.8)

26.4 (23.35 - 28.9)

0.912

Smoking

12 (29%)

5 (24%)

7 (35%)

0.505

Diabetes

7 (17%)

3 (14%)

4 (20%)

0.696

Mortality

8 (19%)

5 (24%)

3 (15%)

0.7

LOHS (days)

9.5 (7 - 12)

10 (8 - 12.5)

9 (4 - 12)

0.577

PO₂/FiO₂

290 (192.5 - 382.1750)

266.425 (195 - 415.8)

290.4 (185 - 407.8)

0.457

Neutrophils (× 10³/µL)

5,090 (3,040 - 8,500)

3,350 (2,230 - 5,795)

8,254.25 ± 3,900.5

0.02

Lymphocytes (× 10³/µL)

860 (576.5 - 1,305)

810 (570 - 1,085)

1,015 (564.75 - 1,937.5)

0.155

WBC (× 10³/µL)

7,350 (4,485 - 11,755)

4,520 (3,515 - 7,560)

10,320 (6,967.5 - 14,802.5)

< 0.001

D-dimers (ng/µL)

840 (460 - 1,690)

872.5 (487.5 - 1,575)

840 (310 - 2,080)

0.822

Monocytes (× 10³/µL)

470 (230 - 830)

230 (157.5 - 525)

605 (430 - 1,130)

0.02

CPK (U/L)

76 (39 - 157)

70 (44.5 - 152.5)

80 (35.75 - 183.2)

0.725

LDH (U/L)

257 (203 - 396.5)

329 (207 - 396.5)

231 (195.75 - 408.25)

0.322

CRP (mg/dL)

7.78 ± 5.06

7.66 ± 5.22

7.92 ± 5.02

0.872

Ferritin (ng/mL)

524 (189.75 - 1,121.25)

560 (182 - 1,317)

416 (174 - 1,024.5)

0.527

Platelets (× 10⁹/L)

249 (166.5 - 303)

187 (156 - 297.5)

274 (218 - 366)

0.98

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

551.81 ± 137.82

524.05 ± 156.6

581.11 ± 11.76

0.213

suPAR (ng/mL)

10.1 (7.075 - 14.85)

12 (9.55 - 14.9)

7.3 (6.3 - 12.25)

0.021