Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 9, September 2020, pages 598-603


Association Between Serum Apolipoprotein A1 Levels, Ischemic Stroke Subtypes and Plaque Properties of the Carotid Artery

Tables

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of the Participants in the ATBI, CE, LI, and Control Groups
 
ATBI (n = 52)CE (n = 15)LI (n = 25)CONT (n = 21)
aP < 0.05, vs. CONT, bP < 0.05, vs. CE, cP < 0.05, vs. LI. ATBI: atherothrombotic infarction; CE: cardioembolic infarction; LI: lacuna infraction; CONT: control; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure.
Age, years69.7 ± 10.466.0 ± 12.371.9 ± 9.867.5 ± 8.0
Female, %55.860.068.038.1
BMI, kg/m223.5 ± 3.322.5 ± 3.622.1 ± 2.623.4 ± 3.5
SBP, mm Hg131.7 ± 17.9127.5 ± 17.6134.7 ± 21.4132.7 ± 13.5
DBP, mm Hg73.3 ± 11.675.3 ± 8.372.6 ± 12.274.4 ± 11.9
Current smoker, %33.320.028.014.3
Current alcohol drinker, %37.353.336.019.0
Hypertension, %94.2b60.080.081.0
Diabetes, %34.66.728.020.0
Hyperlipidemia, %78.8c60.0c96.0a61.9
Atrial fibrillation, %7.7b100.0a, c4.04.8
Statin, %84.6c53.850.066.7

 

Table 2. Serum Lipids and Apolipoproteins of the Participants in the ATBI, CE, LI, and Control Groups
 
ATBI (n = 52)CE (n = 15)LI (n = 25)CONT (n = 21)
aP < 0.05, vs. CONT. ATBI: atherothrombotic infarction; CE: cardioembolic infarction; LI: lacuna infraction; CONT: control; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MDA-LDL: malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; RLP-C: remnant lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a): lipoprotein(a); ApoA1: apolipoprotein A1; ApoA2: apolipoprotein A2; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; ApoC1: apolipoprotein C1; ApoC2: apolipoprotein C2; ApoE: apolipoprotein E; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.
Serum lipids
  TC, mg/dL178.4 ± 43.0195.3 ± 35.8195.6 ± 55.4205.6 ± 29.7
  LDL-C, mg/dL106.8 ± 29.7113.1 ± 27.1121.0 ± 39.6118.6 ± 32.2
  MDA-LDL, U/L103.8 ± 44.7130.7 ± 48.9100.8 ± 45.192.4 ± 18.5
  HDL-C, mg/dL54.6 ± 12.557.5 ± 19.466.2 ± 17.167.0 ± 23.7
  TG, mg/dL147.9 ± 84.2161.7 ± 107.9128.5 ± 82.2142.5 ± 62.9
  RLP-C, mg/dL6.7 ± 7.010.0 ± 7.57.1 ± 5.16.8 ± 3.2
  Lp(a), mg/dL18.0 ± 21.721.3 ± 33.529.1 ± 44.214.8 ± 12.0
Apolipoproteins
  ApoA1, mg/dL128.6 ± 19.6a131.9 ± 25.3139.2 ± 17.1149.3 ± 21.5
  ApoA2, mg/dL27.9 ± 4.930.2 ± 5.527.4 ± 4.330.1 ± 4.7
  ApoB, mg/dL79.1 ± 17.389.2 ± 16.680.6 ± 29.176.5 ± 9.2
  ApoC2, mg/dL4.5 ± 1.75.9 ± 2.34.7 ± 2.44.9 ± 1.7
  ApoC3, mg/dL9.9 ± 4.311.2 ± 3.59.9 ± 3.410.7 ± 3.0
  ApoE, mg/dL3.1 ± 1.23.7 ± 1.23.4 ± 1.33.4 ± 0.8
HbA1c, %6.6 ± 1.56.0 ± 1.86.4 ± 1.36.1 ± 0.7

 

Table 3. Ultrasound Evaluation of the ATBI, CE, LI, and Control Groups
 
VariablesATBICELICONT
aP < 0.05, vs. CONT, bP < 0.05, vs. CE, cP < 0.05, vs. LI. ATBI: atherothrombotic infraction; CE: cardioembolic infarction; LI: lacuna infraction; CONT: control; CCA: common carotid artery; BIF: carotid bifurcation; ICA: internal carotid artery; EDV: end-diastolic velocity; PSV: peak systolic velocity; mean V: mean velocity; PI: pulsatility index; IMT: intra-media thickness.
CCA, number of plaques1.5 ± 1.5a, b, c0.0 ± 0.00.3 ± 1.00.2 ± 0.7
CCA plaque thickness, mm2.2 ± 1.1-2.91.4, 2.0
BIF, number of plaques2.1 ± 1.3a, b, c0.3 ± 1.00.7 ± 1.30.3 ± 1.0
BIF plaque thickness, mm2.2 ± 1.12.92.2 ± 0.91.9, 2.2
ICA, number of plaques1.7 ± 1.3a, b, c0.1± 0.50.5 ± 0.90.1 ± 0.5
ICA plaque thickness, mm2.5 ± 1.122.2 ± 0.92.3
Significant stenosis,%13.7a, b, c000
PSV, cm/s62.2 ± 19.455.6 ± 10.169.8 ± 18.065.3 ± 19.6
EDV, cm/s14.2 ± 5.313.2 ± 2.913.8 ± 3.516.5 ± 5.9
Mean V, cm/s25.6 ± 7.223.9 ± 3.628.0 ± 6.330.4 ± 8.5
PI2.4 ± 2.01.8 ± 0.42.0 ± 0.41.7 ± 0.7
Mean IMT of CCA, mm0.9 ± 0.30.8 ± 0.10.8 ± 0.20.8 ± 0.2
Plaque category
  Non-plaque, %5.9a, b, c86.762.589.5
  Soft, %17.6a, b, c000
  Intermediate, %39.2a, b, c6.716.710.5
  Hard, %37.3a, b, c6.720.80

 

Table 4. Serum Lipids and Apolipoproteins Between the Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Type in the ATBI Group
 
VariablesHeterogeneous type (n = 21 )Homogenous type (n = 27)
aP < 0.05, vs. homogenous type. ATBI: atherothrombotic infraction; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MDA-LDL: malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; RLP-C: remnant lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a): lipoprotein(a); ApoA1: apolipoprotein A1; ApoA2: apolipoprotein A2; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; ApoC1: apolipoprotein C1; ApoC2: apolipoprotein C2; ApoE: apolipoprotein E; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.
Serum lipids
  TC, mg/dL170.0 ± 23.2a188.4 ± 39.3
  LDL-C, mg/dL98.0 ± 23.2113.6 ± 31.6
  MDA-LDL, U/L87.0 ± 33.3a116.9 ± 50.3
  HDL-C, mg/dL53.6 ± 13.754.3 ± 10.9
  TG, mg/dL123.2 ± 43.4153.7 ± 92.0
  RLP-C, mg/dL7.0 ± 8.95.8 ± 4.0
  Lp (a), mg/dL28.3 ± 28.5a10.6 ± 9.4
Apolipoproteins
  ApoA1, mg/dL121.0 ± 19.6a133.8 ± 19.2
  ApoA2, mg/dL26.0 ± 4.2a29.3 ± 5.4
  ApoB, mg/dL74.7 ± 15.982.4 ± 18.4
  ApoC2, mg/dL4.2 ± 1.84.7 ± 1.5
  ApoC3, mg/dL8.6 ± 3.410.4 ± 4.4
  ApoE, mg/dL2.8 ± 0.93.2 ± 1.3
HbA1c, %6.6 ± 1.36.5 ± 1.6