J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 5, May 2020, pages 293-299

Reactive Hyperemia Index Associated With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Under Treatment for Lifestyle Diseases

Figure 1. Reactive hyperemia indexes in all patients, the ASCVD and non-ASCVD groups. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. *P < 0.05.

Figure 2. Independent risk factors for ASCVD. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Age, RHI, male, smoking, HT and DLP were independent factors associated with ASCVD. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI: body mass index; RHI: reactive hyperemia index; HT: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; DLP: dyslipidemia; CKD: chronic kidney disease.

Figure 3. A receiver-operating characteristic curve of the cutoff value of RHI for ASCVD. The cutoff value of RHI was 1.80 and an area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity were 0.58, 0.45 and 0.67, respectively. RHI: reactive hyperemia index; ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

**Table 1.** Patient Characteristics
Variables	All (n = 483)	ASCVD (n = 195)	Non-ASCVD (n = 288)	P value
P value shows the comparison with ASCVD vs. non-ASCVD. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI: body mass index; HT: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; DLP: dyslipidemia; MetS: metabolic syndrome; WBC: white blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein.
Age, years	69 (62 - 76)	72 (65 - 77)	67 (61 - 75)	< 0.001
Male, n (%)	265 (55)	147 (75)	118 (41)	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m²	24 (22 - 26)	24.3 ± 3.1	24 (22 - 26)	0.047
Smoking, n (%)	208 (43)	124 (64)	84 (29)	< 0.001
HT, n (%)	357 (73.9)	171 (87.7)	186 (64.6)	< 0.001
DM, n (%)	116 (24)	61 (31.3)	55 (19.1)	0.003
DLP, n (%)	366 (75.8)	170 (87.2)	196 (68.1)	< 0.001
MetS, n (%)	172 (35.6)	102 (52.3)	70 (24.3)	< 0.001
WBC, 10³/µL	5,400 (4,500 - 6,700)	5,900 (4,800 - 7,100)	5,200 (4,400 - 6,300)	< 0.001
CRP, mg/dL	0.06 (0.03 - 0.12)	0.07 (0.04 - 0.16)	0.05 (0.03 - 0.10)	0.003

Table 1. Patient Characteristics

Variables

All (n = 483)

ASCVD (n = 195)

Non-ASCVD (n = 288)

P value

P value shows the comparison with ASCVD vs. non-ASCVD. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI: body mass index; HT: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; DLP: dyslipidemia; MetS: metabolic syndrome; WBC: white blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein.

Age, years

69 (62 - 76)

72 (65 - 77)

67 (61 - 75)

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

265 (55)

147 (75)

118 (41)

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

24 (22 - 26)

24.3 ± 3.1

24 (22 - 26)

0.047

Smoking, n (%)

208 (43)

124 (64)

84 (29)

< 0.001

HT, n (%)

357 (73.9)

171 (87.7)

186 (64.6)

< 0.001

DM, n (%)

116 (24)

61 (31.3)

55 (19.1)

0.003

DLP, n (%)

366 (75.8)

170 (87.2)

196 (68.1)

< 0.001

MetS, n (%)

172 (35.6)

102 (52.3)

70 (24.3)

< 0.001

WBC, 10³/µL

5,400 (4,500 - 6,700)

5,900 (4,800 - 7,100)

5,200 (4,400 - 6,300)

< 0.001

CRP, mg/dL

0.06 (0.03 - 0.12)

0.07 (0.04 - 0.16)

0.05 (0.03 - 0.10)

0.003

**Table 2.** Medications
Variables	All (n = 483)	ASCVD (n = 195)	Non-ASCVD (n = 288)	P value
P value shows the comparison with ASCVD vs. non-ASCVD. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CCB: calcium channel blocker; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DPP-4I: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.
Anti-hypertension
ARB/ACE-I, n (%)	237 (49)	125 (64)	112 (39)	< 0.001
CCB, n (%)	233 (48)	114 (59)	119 (41)	< 0.001
Beta-blocker, n (%)	61 (13)	35 (18)	26 (9)	0.004
Others, n (%)	74 (15)	40 (21)	34 (12)	0.01
Anti-diabetes
DPP-4I, n (%)	77 (16)	40 (21)	37 (13)	0.02
Others, n (%)	60 (12)	34 (17)	26 (9)	0.006
Anti-dyslipidemia
Statin, n (%)	239 (50)	128 (66)	111 (39)	< 0.001
EPA, n (%)	57 (12)	35 (18)	22 (8)	< 0.001
Others, n (%)	29 (6)	12 (6)	17 (6)	0.9

Table 2. Medications

Variables

All (n = 483)

ASCVD (n = 195)

Non-ASCVD (n = 288)

P value

P value shows the comparison with ASCVD vs. non-ASCVD. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CCB: calcium channel blocker; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DPP-4I: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.

Anti-hypertension

ARB/ACE-I, n (%)

237 (49)

125 (64)

112 (39)

< 0.001

CCB, n (%)

233 (48)

114 (59)

119 (41)

< 0.001

Beta-blocker, n (%)

61 (13)

35 (18)

26 (9)

0.004

Others, n (%)

74 (15)

40 (21)

34 (12)

0.01

Anti-diabetes

DPP-4I, n (%)

77 (16)

40 (21)

37 (13)

0.02

Others, n (%)

60 (12)

34 (17)

26 (9)

0.006

Anti-dyslipidemia

Statin, n (%)

239 (50)

128 (66)

111 (39)

< 0.001

EPA, n (%)

57 (12)

35 (18)

22 (8)

< 0.001

Others, n (%)

29 (6)

12 (6)

17 (6)

0.9