J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Letter to the Editor

Volume 10, Number 9, September 2018, pages 728-731

Habit of Bathing or Showering Is Beneficially Associated With Body Weight and Abdominal Circumference in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

**Table 1.** Clinical Characteristics and Metabolic Parameters of Subjects (n = 87)
Sex (male/female)	44/43
Age (years)	62.3 ± 14.0
Body height (cm)	160 ± 9
Body weight (kg)	71.4 ± 11.8
Body mass index (kg/m²)	24.9 ± 5.4
Abdominal circumference (cm)	90.6 ± 13.0
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	182 ± 88
HbA1c (%)	7.5 ± 1.7
HDL-C (mg/dL)	51 ± 13
LDL-C (mg/dL)	122 ± 31
TG (mg/dL)	165 ± 88
Oral anti-diabetic drugs (n, %)	39 (45%)
Insulin therapy (n, %)	8 (9%)
Mental disorders (n, %)	28 (32%)

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics and Metabolic Parameters of Subjects (n = 87)

Sex (male/female)

44/43

Age (years)

62.3 ± 14.0

Body height (cm)

160 ± 9

Body weight (kg)

71.4 ± 11.8

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.9 ± 5.4

Abdominal circumference (cm)

90.6 ± 13.0

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

182 ± 88

HbA1c (%)

7.5 ± 1.7

HDL-C (mg/dL)

51 ± 13

LDL-C (mg/dL)

122 ± 31

TG (mg/dL)

165 ± 88

Oral anti-diabetic drugs (n, %)

39 (45%)

Insulin therapy (n, %)

8 (9%)

Mental disorders (n, %)

28 (32%)

**Table 2.** A Difference in Metabolic Parameters Between Patients Who Obtained 3 Points and Patients Who Obtained 1 - 2 Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score Among All Subjects
Score of taking a bath (shower)	3 points	1, 2 points	P values
Age (years)	63.4 ± 14.9	62.3 ± 9.2	0.310
Body weight (kg)	60.4 ± 15.6	68.2 ± 15.1	0.040
Body mass index (kg/m²)	24.2 ± 5.0	26.5 ± 6.0	0.075
Abdominal circumference (cm)	87.9 ± 11.8	96.5 ± 13.5	0.016
Total NEAT score	62.3 ± 9.2	50.5 ± 9.8	< 0.001
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	182 ± 84	183 ± 96	0.951
HbA1c (%)	7.6 ± 1.7	7.2 ± 1.5	0.309
HDL-C (mg/dL)	53 ± 14	49 ± 9	0.186
LDL-C (mg/dL)	123 ± 30	120 ± 32	0.662
TG (mg/dL)	161 ± 87	175 ± 89	0.475
Mental disorders (n, %)	13 (23%)	15 (50%)	0.009

Table 2. A Difference in Metabolic Parameters Between Patients Who Obtained 3 Points and Patients Who Obtained 1 - 2 Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score Among All Subjects

Score of taking a bath (shower)

3 points

1, 2 points

P values

57
Male/female, 30/27

30
Male/female, 14/16

Age (years)

63.4 ± 14.9

62.3 ± 9.2

0.310

Body weight (kg)

60.4 ± 15.6

68.2 ± 15.1

0.040

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.2 ± 5.0

26.5 ± 6.0

0.075

Abdominal circumference (cm)

87.9 ± 11.8

96.5 ± 13.5

0.016

Total NEAT score

62.3 ± 9.2

50.5 ± 9.8

< 0.001

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

182 ± 84

183 ± 96

0.951

HbA1c (%)

7.6 ± 1.7

7.2 ± 1.5

0.309

HDL-C (mg/dL)

53 ± 14

49 ± 9

0.186

LDL-C (mg/dL)

123 ± 30

120 ± 32

0.662

TG (mg/dL)

161 ± 87

175 ± 89

0.475

Mental disorders (n, %)

13 (23%)

15 (50%)

0.009

**Table 3.** Correlation Between Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score and Metabolic Parameters Among All Subjects
	Correlation coefficients	P values
Age	0.148	0.171
Total NEAT score	0.520	< 0.001
Body weight	-0.189	0.087
Body mass index	-0.176	0.112
Abdominal circumference	-0.328	0.009
Plasma glucose	0.030	0.783
HbA1c	0.121	0.266
HDL-C	0.137	0.216
LDL-C	0.006	0.959
TG	-0.079	0.470

Table 3. Correlation Between Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score and Metabolic Parameters Among All Subjects

Correlation coefficients

P values

Age

0.148

0.171

Total NEAT score

0.520

< 0.001

Body weight

-0.189

0.087

Body mass index

-0.176

0.112

Abdominal circumference

-0.328

0.009

Plasma glucose

0.030

0.783

HbA1c

0.121

0.266

HDL-C

0.137

0.216

LDL-C

0.006

0.959

-0.079

0.470

**Table 4.** A Difference in Metabolic Parameters Between Patients Who Obtained 3 Points and Patients Who Obtained 1 - 2 Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score Among Female Subjects (n = 43)
Score of taking a bath (shower)	3 points	1, 2 points	P values
Age (years)	63.2 ± 17.7	57.6 ± 12.1	0.276
Body weight (kg)	58.6 ± 14.6	69.6 ± 17.2	0.039
Body mass index (kg/m²)	25.0 ± 5.5	28.9 ± 6.05	0.050
Abdominal circumference (cm)	90.6 ± 9.1	104.6 ± 9.8	< 0.001
Total NEAT score	78.3 ± 9.3	64.8 ± 10.1	< 0.001
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	170 ± 72	167 ± 62	0.895
HbA1c (%)	7.5 ± 1.5	7.2 ± 1.3	0.592
HDL-C (mg/dL)	57 ± 16	48 ± 8	0.066
LDL-C (mg/dL)	121 ± 30	128 ± 35	0.503
TG (mg/dL)	162 ± 92	194 ± 79	0.276
Mental disorders (n, %)	9 (33%)	10 (63%)	0.063

Table 4. A Difference in Metabolic Parameters Between Patients Who Obtained 3 Points and Patients Who Obtained 1 - 2 Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score Among Female Subjects (n = 43)

Score of taking a bath (shower)

3 points

1, 2 points

P values

Age (years)

63.2 ± 17.7

57.6 ± 12.1

0.276

Body weight (kg)

58.6 ± 14.6

69.6 ± 17.2

0.039

Body mass index (kg/m²)

25.0 ± 5.5

28.9 ± 6.05

0.050

Abdominal circumference (cm)

90.6 ± 9.1

104.6 ± 9.8

< 0.001

Total NEAT score

78.3 ± 9.3

64.8 ± 10.1

< 0.001

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

170 ± 72

167 ± 62

0.895

HbA1c (%)

7.5 ± 1.5

7.2 ± 1.3

0.592

HDL-C (mg/dL)

57 ± 16

48 ± 8

0.066

LDL-C (mg/dL)

121 ± 30

128 ± 35

0.503

TG (mg/dL)

162 ± 92

194 ± 79

0.276

Mental disorders (n, %)

9 (33%)

10 (63%)

0.063

**Table 5.** Correlation Between Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score and Metabolic Parameters Among Female Subjects
	Correlation coefficients	P values
Age	0.214	0.168
Total NEAT score	0.610	< 0.001
Body weight	-0.244	0.119
Body mass index	-0.232	0.139
Abdominal circumference	-0.570	0.001
Plasma glucose	0.087	0.585
HbA1c	0.111	0.478
HDL-C	0.261	0.095
LDL-C	-0.148	0.345
TG	-0.150	0.336

Table 5. Correlation Between Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score and Metabolic Parameters Among Female Subjects

Correlation coefficients

P values

Age

0.214

0.168

Total NEAT score

0.610

< 0.001

Body weight

-0.244

0.119

Body mass index

-0.232

0.139

Abdominal circumference

-0.570

0.001

Plasma glucose

0.087

0.585

HbA1c

0.111

0.478

HDL-C

0.261

0.095

LDL-C

-0.148

0.345

-0.150

0.336

**Table 6.** A Difference in Metabolic Parameters Between Patients Who Obtained 3 Points and Patients Who Obtained 1 - 2 Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score Among Female Subjects Who Had Not Taken Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs and Insulin Therapy (n = 22)
Score of taking a bath (shower)	3 points	1, 2 points	P values
Age (years)	61.3 ± 17.9	58.0 ± 13.3	0.807
Body weight (kg)	59.5 ± 14.9	70.1 ± 20.4	0.268
Body mass index (kg/m²)	25.4 ± 6.0	29.3 ± 7.7	0.285
Abdominal circumference (cm)	90.1 ± 11.0	105.4 ± 10.8	0.034
Total NEAT score	63.1 ± 7.0	51.0 ± 8.6	0.005
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	178 ± 68	166 ± 74	0.639
HbA1c (%)	7.6 ± 1.4	7.2 ± 1.5	0.470
HDL-C (mg/dL)	61 ± 16	47 ± 8	0.062
LDL-C (mg/dL)	139 ± 33	128 ± 32	0.455
TG (mg/dL)	164 ± 102	212 ± 82	0.391
Mental disorders (n, %)	5 (24%)	8 (80%)	0.069

Table 6. A Difference in Metabolic Parameters Between Patients Who Obtained 3 Points and Patients Who Obtained 1 - 2 Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score Among Female Subjects Who Had Not Taken Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs and Insulin Therapy (n = 22)

Score of taking a bath (shower)

3 points

1, 2 points

P values

Age (years)

61.3 ± 17.9

58.0 ± 13.3

0.807

Body weight (kg)

59.5 ± 14.9

70.1 ± 20.4

0.268

Body mass index (kg/m²)

25.4 ± 6.0

29.3 ± 7.7

0.285

Abdominal circumference (cm)

90.1 ± 11.0

105.4 ± 10.8

0.034

Total NEAT score

63.1 ± 7.0

51.0 ± 8.6

0.005

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

178 ± 68

166 ± 74

0.639

HbA1c (%)

7.6 ± 1.4

7.2 ± 1.5

0.470

HDL-C (mg/dL)

61 ± 16

47 ± 8

0.062

LDL-C (mg/dL)

139 ± 33

128 ± 32

0.455

TG (mg/dL)

164 ± 102

212 ± 82

0.391

Mental disorders (n, %)

5 (24%)

8 (80%)

0.069

**Table 7.** Correlation Between Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score and Metabolic Parameters Among Female Subjects Who Had Not Taken Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs and Insulin Therapy
	Correlation coefficients	P values
Age	0.131	0.562
Total NEAT score	0.637	0.010
Body weight	-0.158	0.482
Body mass index	-0.127	0.574
Abdominal circumference	-0.562	0.023
Plasma glucose	0.167	0.458
HbA1c	0.186	0.407
HDL-C	0.363	0.097
LDL-C	0.185	0.409
TG	-0.219	0.327

Table 7. Correlation Between Points in the Item of Taking a Bath (Shower) of NEAT Score and Metabolic Parameters Among Female Subjects Who Had Not Taken Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs and Insulin Therapy

Correlation coefficients

P values

Age

0.131

0.562

Total NEAT score

0.637

0.010

Body weight

-0.158

0.482

Body mass index

-0.127

0.574

Abdominal circumference

-0.562

0.023

Plasma glucose

0.167

0.458

HbA1c

0.186

0.407

HDL-C

0.363

0.097

LDL-C

0.185

0.409

-0.219

0.327