J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 8, August 2018, pages 636-640

The Characteristics and Trends in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A United States Population Based Study

**Table 1.** Overall Characteristics of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Between 1973 and 2014
	N (%)
Total cases	2,014 (100)
Year of diagnosis
1973 - 1984	187 (9.3)
1985 - 1994	297 (14.7)
1995 - 2004	597 (29.7)
2005 - 2014	933 (46.3)
Gender
Male	861 (42.8)
Female	1,153 (57.2)
Median age at diagnosis	55 years
Age at diagnosis
00 - 09 years	77 (3.8)
10 - 19 years	54 (2.7)
20 - 29 years	103 (5.1)
30 - 39 years	213 (10.6)
40 - 49 years	331 (16.4)
50 - 59 years	447 (22.2)
60 - 69 years	447 (22.2)
70 - 79 years	249 (12.4)
80+ years	93 (4.6)
Race
White	1,736 (86.2)
Black	142 (7.1)
Others	132 (6.7)
Primary malignancy
One primary only	1,618 (80.3)
More than one primary	396 (19.7)
Laterality
Unilateral, right	874 (43.4)
Unilateral, left	1,040 (51.6)
Bilateral	20 (1)
Unknown	80 (4)
Grade of tumor
Well differentiated, grade I	62 (14.8)
Moderately differentiated, grade II	82 (19.6)
Poorly differentiated, grade III	161 (38.4)
Undifferentiated, grade IV	114 (27.2)
Unknown	1,595
Treatment
Surgery	1,482 (73.6)
Adjuvant radiotherapy	159 (7.9)
Adjuvant chemotherapy	406 (20.2)
Chemotherapy alone	223 (11.1)
Cause specific mortality
Overall	1,051 (52.2)
1973 - 1984	127 (67.9)
1985 - 1994	160 (53.9)
1995 - 2004	331 (55.4)
2005 - 2014	433 (46.4)
Median survival
Overall	17 months
1973 - 1984	14 months
1985 - 1994	22 months
1995 - 2004	28 months
2005 - 2014	14 months

Table 1. Overall Characteristics of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Between 1973 and 2014

N (%)

Total cases

2,014 (100)

Year of diagnosis

1973 - 1984

187 (9.3)

1985 - 1994

297 (14.7)

1995 - 2004

597 (29.7)

2005 - 2014

933 (46.3)

Gender

Male

861 (42.8)

Female

1,153 (57.2)

Median age at diagnosis

55 years

Age at diagnosis

00 - 09 years

77 (3.8)

10 - 19 years

54 (2.7)

20 - 29 years

103 (5.1)

30 - 39 years

213 (10.6)

40 - 49 years

331 (16.4)

50 - 59 years

447 (22.2)

60 - 69 years

447 (22.2)

70 - 79 years

249 (12.4)

80+ years

93 (4.6)

Race

White

1,736 (86.2)

Black

142 (7.1)

Others

132 (6.7)

Primary malignancy

One primary only

1,618 (80.3)

More than one primary

396 (19.7)

Laterality

Unilateral, right

874 (43.4)

Unilateral, left

1,040 (51.6)

Bilateral

20 (1)

Unknown

80 (4)

Grade of tumor

Well differentiated, grade I

62 (14.8)

Moderately differentiated, grade II

82 (19.6)

Poorly differentiated, grade III

161 (38.4)

Undifferentiated, grade IV

114 (27.2)

Unknown

1,595

Treatment

Surgery

1,482 (73.6)

Adjuvant radiotherapy

159 (7.9)

Adjuvant chemotherapy

406 (20.2)

Chemotherapy alone

223 (11.1)

Cause specific mortality

Overall

1,051 (52.2)

1973 - 1984

127 (67.9)

1985 - 1994

160 (53.9)

1995 - 2004

331 (55.4)

2005 - 2014

433 (46.4)

Median survival

Overall

17 months

1973 - 1984

14 months

1985 - 1994

22 months

1995 - 2004

28 months

2005 - 2014

14 months

**Table 2.** Trend in the Characteristics of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
	1973 - 1984 N (%)	1985 - 1994 N (%)	1995 - 2004 N (%)	2005 - 2014 N (%)	P-value
Total cases	187 (9.3)	297 (14.7)	597 (29.7)	933 (46.3)
Gender
Female	90 (48.1)	157 (52.9)	358 (60)	548 (58.7)	0.186
Male	97 (51.9)	140 (47.1)	239 (40)	385 (41.3)
Median age at diagnosis	54 years	56 years	53 years	55 years	0.165
Mean age at diagnosis	50.13 ± 19.977	53.08 ± 17.616	51.37 ± 19.167	52.83 ± 18.752	0.162
Age at diagnosis
00 - 09 years	10 (5.4)	9 (3)	26 (4.3)	32 (3.5)	0.48
10 - 19 years	8 (4.2)	3 (1)	15 (2.5)	28 (3)	0.15
20 - 29 years	14 (7.4)	15 (5.1)	32 (5.3)	42 (4.6)	0.31
30 - 39 years	16 (8.5)	40 (13.4)	70 (11.8)	87 (9.3)	0.13
40 - 49 years	26 (13.9)	38 (13.8)	110 (18.4)	157 (16.9)	0.13
50 - 59 years	40 (21.4)	68 (22.9)	117 (19.6)	222 (23.8)	0.3
60 - 69 years	50 (26.8)	72 (24.2)	125 (20.9)	200 (21.4)	0.77
70 - 79 years	19 (10.2)	43 (14.5)	72 (12.1)	115 (12.4)	0.36
80+ years	5 (2.1)	9 (3.1)	30 (5)	50 (5.3)	0.18
Race
White	167 (89.4)	257 (86.5)	521 (87.3)	791 (84.8)	0.92
Black	10 (5.3)	26 (8.8)	33 (5.5)	73 (7.8)
Others	10 (5.3)	14 (4.7)	43 (7.2)	69 (7.4)
Primary malignancy
One primary only	154 (82.4)	225 (75.8)	476 (79.7)	763 (81.8)	0.77
More than one primary	33 (17.6)	72 (24.2)	121 (20.3)	170 (18.2)
Laterality
Unilateral	164 (87.7)	287 (96.7)	566 (94.8)	897 (96.2)	0.71
Bilateral	7 (3.7)	2 (0.7)	6 (1)	5 (0.5)
Unknown	16 (8.6)	8 (2.7)	25 (4.2)	31 (3.3)
Grade of tumor
Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated; grade III and IV	13 (42)	44 (64.7)	93 (64.6)	125 (71)	0.04
Treatment
Surgery	131 (70.1)	233 (78.5)	452 (75.7)	666 (71.4)	0.71
Adjuvant radiotherapy	13 (7)	21 (7.1)	29 (4.9)	96 (10.3)	0.003
Adjuvant chemotherapy	27 (14.4)	44 (14.8)	85 (14.2)	250 (26.8)	P < 0.05
Chemotherapy alone	18 (9.6)	27 (9.1)	50 (8.4)	128 (13.7)	0.009
Median survival	14 months	22 months	28 months	14 months	P < 0.05
Mean survival	77.35 ± 132.7	80.82 ± 105.7	64.04 ± 69.79	25.76 ± 29.184	P < 0.05

Table 2. Trend in the Characteristics of Adrenocortical Carcinoma

1973 - 1984 N (%)

1985 - 1994 N (%)

1995 - 2004 N (%)

2005 - 2014 N (%)

P-value

Total cases

187 (9.3)

297 (14.7)

597 (29.7)

933 (46.3)

Gender

Female

90 (48.1)

157 (52.9)

358 (60)

548 (58.7)

0.186

Male

97 (51.9)

140 (47.1)

239 (40)

385 (41.3)

Median age at diagnosis

54 years

56 years

53 years

55 years

0.165

Mean age at diagnosis

50.13 ± 19.977

53.08 ± 17.616

51.37 ± 19.167

52.83 ± 18.752

0.162

Age at diagnosis

00 - 09 years

10 (5.4)

9 (3)

26 (4.3)

32 (3.5)

0.48

10 - 19 years

8 (4.2)

3 (1)

15 (2.5)

28 (3)

0.15

20 - 29 years

14 (7.4)

15 (5.1)

32 (5.3)

42 (4.6)

0.31

30 - 39 years

16 (8.5)

40 (13.4)

70 (11.8)

87 (9.3)

0.13

40 - 49 years

26 (13.9)

38 (13.8)

110 (18.4)

157 (16.9)

0.13

50 - 59 years

40 (21.4)

68 (22.9)

117 (19.6)

222 (23.8)

0.3

60 - 69 years

50 (26.8)

72 (24.2)

125 (20.9)

200 (21.4)

0.77

70 - 79 years

19 (10.2)

43 (14.5)

72 (12.1)

115 (12.4)

0.36

80+ years

5 (2.1)

9 (3.1)

30 (5)

50 (5.3)

0.18

Race

White

167 (89.4)

257 (86.5)

521 (87.3)

791 (84.8)

0.92

Black

10 (5.3)

26 (8.8)

33 (5.5)

73 (7.8)

Others

10 (5.3)

14 (4.7)

43 (7.2)

69 (7.4)

Primary malignancy

One primary only

154 (82.4)

225 (75.8)

476 (79.7)

763 (81.8)

0.77

More than one primary

33 (17.6)

72 (24.2)

121 (20.3)

170 (18.2)

Laterality

Unilateral

164 (87.7)

287 (96.7)

566 (94.8)

897 (96.2)

0.71

Bilateral

7 (3.7)

2 (0.7)

6 (1)

5 (0.5)

Unknown

16 (8.6)

8 (2.7)

25 (4.2)

31 (3.3)

Grade of tumor

Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated; grade III and IV

13 (42)

44 (64.7)

93 (64.6)

125 (71)

0.04

Treatment

Surgery

131 (70.1)

233 (78.5)

452 (75.7)

666 (71.4)

0.71

Adjuvant radiotherapy

13 (7)

21 (7.1)

29 (4.9)

96 (10.3)

0.003

Adjuvant chemotherapy

27 (14.4)

44 (14.8)

85 (14.2)

250 (26.8)

P < 0.05

Chemotherapy alone

18 (9.6)

27 (9.1)

50 (8.4)

128 (13.7)

0.009

Median survival

14 months

22 months

28 months

14 months

P < 0.05

Mean survival

77.35 ± 132.7

80.82 ± 105.7

64.04 ± 69.79

25.76 ± 29.184

P < 0.05