J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 5, May 2018, pages 411-418

Anxiety and Depression Among Adult Patients With Diabetic Foot: Prevalence and Associated Factors

**Table 1.** Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and the Level of Significance and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of the Association of Depression With Certain Sociodemographic and Health Variables Among Patients With Diabetic Foot (N = 260)
Variable	Total n (%)	Depression score of ≥ 10 n (%)	P value	OR	P value	95% CI
	260 (100)	103 (39.6)
Age			0.1
< 50 years	43 (16.5)	23 (53.5)		2.8	0.03	1.1 - 7.0
50 - 60 years	104 (40)	36 (34.6)		0.9	0.79	0.5 - 1.8
> 60years	113 (43.5)	44 (38.9)		1
Gender			0.01
Men	174 (66.9)	59 (33.9)		1
Women	86 (33.1)	44 (51.2)		2. 5	0.01	1.2 - 5.0
Level of education			0.53
< High school diploma	123 (47.3)	51 (41.5)		0.9	0.88	0.3 - 2. 6
High school diploma	96 (36.9)	39 (40.6)		1.3	0.6	0.5 - 3.5
> High school diploma	41 (15.8)	13 (31.7)		1
Marital status			0.43
Married	213 (81.9)	82 (38.5)		1.6	0.27	0.7 - 3. 6
Widow/divorced	47 (18.1)	21 (44.7)		1
Family monthly income			0.21
< 750 US$	175 (67.3)	74 (42.3)		0.5	0.11	0.2 - 1.2
≥ 750 US$	85 (32.7)	29 (34.1)		1
Current smoker			0.19
No	205 (78.8)	77 (37.6)		1
Yes	55 (21.2)	26 (47.3)		2.5	0.01	1.2 - 5.2
Foot ulcer duration			0
≤ 7 months	51 (19.6)	18 (35.3)		1
> 7 months	141 (54.2)	70 (49.6)		12.6	0	1.5 - 4. 7
Duration of diabetes			0.26
< 10 years	60 (23.1)	20 (33.3)		1
≥ 10 years	200 (76.9)	83 (41.5)		1.4	0.42	0.7 - 2.8
HbA1c level			0.48
≤ 7%	51 (19.6)	18 (35.3)		1.1	0.88	0.5 - 2.2
> 7%	209 (80.4)	85 (40.7)		1
Co-morbidity			0
0 - 2 diseases	119 (45.8)	32 (26.9)		1
≥ 3 diseases	141 (54.2)	71 (50.4)		3.3	0.00	1.8 - 5.8

Table 1. Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and the Level of Significance and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of the Association of Depression With Certain Sociodemographic and Health Variables Among Patients With Diabetic Foot (N = 260)

Variable

Total n (%)

Depression score of ≥ 10 n (%)

P value

95% CI

260 (100)

103 (39.6)

Age

0.1

< 50 years

43 (16.5)

23 (53.5)

2.8

0.03

1.1 - 7.0

50 - 60 years

104 (40)

36 (34.6)

0.9

0.79

0.5 - 1.8

> 60years

113 (43.5)

44 (38.9)

Gender

0.01

Men

174 (66.9)

59 (33.9)

Women

86 (33.1)

44 (51.2)

2. 5

0.01

1.2 - 5.0

Level of education

0.53

< High school diploma

123 (47.3)

51 (41.5)

0.9

0.88

0.3 - 2. 6

High school diploma

96 (36.9)

39 (40.6)

1.3

0.6

0.5 - 3.5

> High school diploma

41 (15.8)

13 (31.7)

Marital status

0.43

Married

213 (81.9)

82 (38.5)

1.6

0.27

0.7 - 3. 6

Widow/divorced

47 (18.1)

21 (44.7)

Family monthly income

0.21

< 750 US$

175 (67.3)

74 (42.3)

0.5

0.11

0.2 - 1.2

≥ 750 US$

85 (32.7)

29 (34.1)

Current smoker

0.19

205 (78.8)

77 (37.6)

Yes

55 (21.2)

26 (47.3)

2.5

0.01

1.2 - 5.2

Foot ulcer duration

≤ 7 months

51 (19.6)

18 (35.3)

> 7 months

141 (54.2)

70 (49.6)

12.6

1.5 - 4. 7

Duration of diabetes

0.26

< 10 years

60 (23.1)

20 (33.3)

≥ 10 years

200 (76.9)

83 (41.5)

1.4

0.42

0.7 - 2.8

HbA1c level

0.48

≤ 7%

51 (19.6)

18 (35.3)

1.1

0.88

0.5 - 2.2

> 7%

209 (80.4)

85 (40.7)

Co-morbidity

0 - 2 diseases

119 (45.8)

32 (26.9)

≥ 3 diseases

141 (54.2)

71 (50.4)

3.3

0.00

1.8 - 5.8

**Table 2.** : Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and the Level of Significance and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of the Association of Anxiety With Certain Sociodemographic and Health Variables Among Patients With Diabetic Foot (N = 260)
Variable	Total n (%)	Anxiety score of ≥ 10 n(%)	P value	OR	P value	95% CI
	260 (100)	98 (37.7)
Age			0.12
< 50 years	43 (16.5)	20 (46.5)		2. 5	0.06	1.0 - 6.18
50 - 60 years	104 (40)	43 (41.3)		1.7	0.13	0.9 - 3.4
> 60years	113 (43.5)	35 (31)		1
Gender			0.13
Men	174 (66.9)	60 (34.5)		1
Women	86 (33.1)	38 (44.2)		3.7	0.07	1.0 - 4.13
Level of education			0.19
< High school diploma	123 (47.3)	42 (34.1)		1.1	0.84	0.4 - 3.1
High school diploma	96 (36.9)	43 (44.8)		2.2	0.12	0.8 - 5.9
> High school diploma	41 (15.8)	13 (31.7)		1
Marital status			0.41
Married	213 (81.9)	83 (39)		1.3	0.56	0.5 - 3.1
Widow/divorced	47 (18.1)	15 (31.9)		1
Family monthly income			0.79
< 750 US$	175 (67.3)	65 (37.1)		1	0.99	0. 5 - 2.4
≥ 750 US$	85 (32.7)	33 (38.8)		1
Current smoker			1
No	205 (78.8)	77 (37.6)		1
Yes	55 (21.2)	21 (38.2)		1.1	0.77	0.5 - 2.4
Foot ulcer duration			0.01
≤ 7 months	119 (45.8)	35 (29.4)		1.7	0.07	1.0 - 3.1
> 7 months	141 (54.2)	63 (44.7)		1
Duration of diabetes			0.02
< 10 years	60 (23.1)	15 (25)		2.7	0.01	1.2 - 5.8
≥ 10 years	200 (76.9)	83 (41.5)		1
HbA1c level			0
≤ 7%	51 (19.6)	10 (19.6)		1
> 7%	209 (80.4)			2.5	0.03	1.1- 5.7
Comorbidity			0
0 - 2 diseases	119 (45.8)	24 (20.2)		1
≥ 3 diseases	141 (54.2)	74 (52.5)		4.8	0.00	2.6 - 8.8

Table 2. : Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and the Level of Significance and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of the Association of Anxiety With Certain Sociodemographic and Health Variables Among Patients With Diabetic Foot (N = 260)

Variable

Total n (%)

Anxiety score of ≥ 10 n(%)

P value

95% CI

260 (100)

98 (37.7)

Age

0.12

< 50 years

43 (16.5)

20 (46.5)

2. 5

0.06

1.0 - 6.18

50 - 60 years

104 (40)

43 (41.3)

1.7

0.13

0.9 - 3.4

> 60years

113 (43.5)

35 (31)

Gender

0.13

Men

174 (66.9)

60 (34.5)

Women

86 (33.1)

38 (44.2)

3.7

0.07

1.0 - 4.13

Level of education

0.19

< High school diploma

123 (47.3)

42 (34.1)

1.1

0.84

0.4 - 3.1

High school diploma

96 (36.9)

43 (44.8)

2.2

0.12

0.8 - 5.9

> High school diploma

41 (15.8)

13 (31.7)

Marital status

0.41

Married

213 (81.9)

83 (39)

1.3

0.56

0.5 - 3.1

Widow/divorced

47 (18.1)

15 (31.9)

Family monthly income

0.79

< 750 US$

175 (67.3)

65 (37.1)

0.99

0. 5 - 2.4

≥ 750 US$

85 (32.7)

33 (38.8)

Current smoker

205 (78.8)

77 (37.6)

Yes

55 (21.2)

21 (38.2)

1.1

0.77

0.5 - 2.4

Foot ulcer duration

0.01

≤ 7 months

119 (45.8)

35 (29.4)

1.7

0.07

1.0 - 3.1

> 7 months

141 (54.2)

63 (44.7)

Duration of diabetes

0.02

< 10 years

60 (23.1)

15 (25)

2.7

0.01

1.2 - 5.8

≥ 10 years

200 (76.9)

83 (41.5)

HbA1c level

≤ 7%

51 (19.6)

10 (19.6)

> 7%

209 (80.4)

2.5

0.03

1.1- 5.7

Comorbidity

0 - 2 diseases

119 (45.8)

24 (20.2)

≥ 3 diseases

141 (54.2)

74 (52.5)

4.8

0.00

2.6 - 8.8

**Table 3.** Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and the Level of Significance and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of the Association of Depression With Certain Sociodemographic and Health Variables Among Patients With Diabetic Foot (N = 260)
Variable	OR	P value	95% CI
Age
< 50 years	2.8	0.03	1.1 - 7.0
50 - 60 years	0.9	0.79	0.5 - 1.8
> 60years	1
Gender
Men	1
Women	2. 5	0.01	1.2 - 5.0
Level of education
< High school diploma	0.9	0.88	0.3 - 2.6
High school diploma	1.3	0.6	0.5 - 3.5
> High school diploma	1
Marital status
Married	1.6	0.27	0.7 - 3.6
Widow/divorced	1
Family monthly income
< 750 US$	0.5	0.11	0.2-1.2
≥ 750 US$	1
Current smoker
No	1
Yes	2.5	0.01	1.2-5.2
Foot ulcer duration
≤ 7 months	1
> 7 months	12.6	0	1.5 - 4.7
Duration of diabetes
< 10 years	1
≥ 10 years	1.4	0.42	0.7 - 2.8
HbA1c level
≤ 7%	1.1	0.88	0.5 - 2.2
> 7%	1
Comorbidity
0 - 2 diseases	1
≥ 3 diseases	3.3	0.00	1.8 - 5.8

Table 3. Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and the Level of Significance and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of the Association of Depression With Certain Sociodemographic and Health Variables Among Patients With Diabetic Foot (N = 260)

Variable

P value

95% CI

Age

< 50 years

2.8

0.03

1.1 - 7.0

50 - 60 years

0.9

0.79

0.5 - 1.8

> 60years

Gender

Men

Women

2. 5

0.01

1.2 - 5.0

Level of education

< High school diploma

0.9

0.88

0.3 - 2.6

High school diploma

1.3

0.6

0.5 - 3.5

> High school diploma

Marital status

Married

1.6

0.27

0.7 - 3.6

Widow/divorced

Family monthly income

< 750 US$

0.5

0.11

0.2-1.2

≥ 750 US$

Current smoker

Yes

2.5

0.01

1.2-5.2

Foot ulcer duration

≤ 7 months

> 7 months

12.6

1.5 - 4.7

Duration of diabetes

< 10 years

≥ 10 years

1.4

0.42

0.7 - 2.8

HbA1c level

≤ 7%

1.1

0.88

0.5 - 2.2

> 7%

Comorbidity

0 - 2 diseases

≥ 3 diseases

3.3

0.00

1.8 - 5.8

**Table 4.** Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and The Level of Significance and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of the Association of Anxiety With Certain Sociodemographic and Health Variables Among Patients With Diabetic Foot (N = 260)
Variable	OR	P-value	95% CI
Age
< 50 years	2. 5	0.06	1.0 - 6.18
50 - 60 years	1.7	0.13	0.9 - 3.4
> 60years	1
Gender
Men	1
Women	3.7	0.07	1.0 - 4.13
Level of education
< High school diploma	1.1	0.84	0.4 - 3.1
High school diploma	2.2	0.12	0.8 - 5.9
> High school diploma	1
Marital status
Married	1.3	0.56	0.5 - 3.1
Widow/divorced	1
Family monthly income
< 750 US$	1	0.99	0. 5 - 2.4
≥ 750 US$	1
Current smoker
No	1
Yes	1.1	0.77	0.5 - 2.4
Foot ulcer duration
≤ 7 months	1.7	0.07	1.0 - 3.1
> 7 months	1
Duration of diabetes
< 10 years	2.7	0.01	1.2 - 5.8
≥ 10 years	1
HbA1c level
≤ 7%	1
> 7%	2.5	0.03	1.1 - 5.7
Comorbidity
0 - 2 diseases	1
≥ 3 diseases	4.8	0.00	2.6 - 8.8

Table 4. Adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and The Level of Significance and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of the Association of Anxiety With Certain Sociodemographic and Health Variables Among Patients With Diabetic Foot (N = 260)

Variable

P-value

95% CI

Age

< 50 years

2. 5

0.06

1.0 - 6.18

50 - 60 years

1.7

0.13

0.9 - 3.4

> 60years

Gender

Men

Women

3.7

0.07

1.0 - 4.13

Level of education

< High school diploma

1.1

0.84

0.4 - 3.1

High school diploma

2.2

0.12

0.8 - 5.9

> High school diploma

Marital status

Married

1.3

0.56

0.5 - 3.1

Widow/divorced

Family monthly income

< 750 US$

0.99

0. 5 - 2.4

≥ 750 US$

Current smoker

Yes

1.1

0.77

0.5 - 2.4

Foot ulcer duration

≤ 7 months

1.7

0.07

1.0 - 3.1

> 7 months

Duration of diabetes

< 10 years

2.7

0.01

1.2 - 5.8

≥ 10 years

HbA1c level

≤ 7%

> 7%

2.5

0.03

1.1 - 5.7

Comorbidity

0 - 2 diseases

≥ 3 diseases

4.8

0.00

2.6 - 8.8