Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Review

Volume 10, Number 1, January 2018, pages 1-8

HIV-Associated Nephropathy in Africa: Pathology, Clinical Presentation and Strategy for Prevention

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Some of the risk factors that may lead to HIVAN in Africa.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Possible valid strategies in management and prevention of HIVAN in Africa.

Table

Table 1. Different Clinical, Radiological and Biochemical Presentations of HIVAN [10, 14, 18-22, 25, 26]
 
CountryCommon presentationReferences
MalawiDecreased creatinine clearance[18]
Nigeria , Cape TownProteinuria is commonly detected in HIV-positive patients in Nigeria and Cape Town[14, 19, 20]
TanzaniaMicroalbuminuria was detected in 28.8% of Tanzanian HIV-infected[21]
KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaNephrotic syndrome represented the commonest clinical manifestations of HIVAN[22]
South AfricaNon-nephrotic proteinuria was the initial clinical presentation of HIV-associated renal disease[25]
NigeriaAugmented renal echogenicity[10]
AKI, CKD and hematuria, electrolytes imbalance[26]