J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 9, September 2017, pages 771-775

Factors Associated With Psycho-Cognitive Functions in Patients With Persistent Pain After Surgery for Femoral Neck Fracture

**Table 1.** Participant Characteristics (n = 142)
Variable		No. (%)
Total		142
Sex
Men		32 (22.5%)
Women		110 (77.5%)
Age (years)		82.6 ± 8.9
Fracture site
Right hip neck fracture		60 (42.3%)
Left hip neck fracture		82 (57.7%)
Operative procedure
Bipolar hip arthroplasty		66 (46.5%)
γ-nail		45 (31.7%)
Compression hip screw		21 (14.8%)
Hansson Pin system		10 (7.0%)
	Mean	Median (25-75%)
Body mass index	20.3	20.2 (17.9 - 22.0)
Mini-mental state examination	21.4	22 (17.0 - 26.8)
Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale	8.7	7.0 (2.0 -13.0)
Number of family members	1.6	1.0 (0.0 - 2.0)

Table 1. Participant Characteristics (n = 142)

Variable

No. (%)

Total

142

Sex

Men

32 (22.5%)

Women

110 (77.5%)

Age (years)

82.6 ± 8.9

Fracture site

Right hip neck fracture

60 (42.3%)

Left hip neck fracture

82 (57.7%)

Operative procedure

Bipolar hip arthroplasty

66 (46.5%)

γ-nail

45 (31.7%)

Compression hip screw

21 (14.8%)

Hansson Pin system

10 (7.0%)

Mean

Median (25-75%)

Body mass index

20.3

20.2 (17.9 - 22.0)

Mini-mental state examination

21.4

22 (17.0 - 26.8)

Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale

8.7

7.0 (2.0 -13.0)

Number of family members

1.6

1.0 (0.0 - 2.0)

**Table 2.** Change in Pain (Verbal Rating Scale) Reported by Participants Over 7 Days (n = 142)
Types of pain	Verbal rating scale, mean score	Total (average)
Pain at rest	1.863	1.576	1.420	1.374	1.252	1.210	1.214	1.416
Pain at motion	3.115	2.770	2.532	2.547	2.309	2.210	2.115	2.514
Night pain	2.920	1.949	1.706	1.613	1.723	1.435	1.431	1.825
Pain during activities of daily living	3.689	3.215	2.932	2.903	2.669	2.630	2.582	2.946

Table 2. Change in Pain (Verbal Rating Scale) Reported by Participants Over 7 Days (n = 142)

Types of pain

Verbal rating scale, mean score

Total (average)

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Pain at rest

1.863

1.576

1.420

1.374

1.252

1.210

1.214

1.416

Pain at motion

3.115

2.770

2.532

2.547

2.309

2.210

2.115

2.514

Night pain

2.920

1.949

1.706

1.613

1.723

1.435

1.431

1.825

Pain during activities of daily living

3.689

3.215

2.932

2.903

2.669

2.630

2.582

2.946

**Table 3.** Simple Correlation Coefficients Between the MMSE, MADRS-S, Number of Family Members, and Pain Type (n = 142)
Types of pain	BMI	MMSE	MADRS-S	Number of family members
Correlation coefficient is significant at 5% level. *Correlation coefficient is significant at 1% level. BMI: body mass index; MADRS-S: Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale; MMSE: mini-mental state examination.
Pain at rest	-0.060	0.483	-0.060	0.484	0.191*	< 0.05	0.082	0.346
Pain at motion	-0.129	0.130	-0.052	0.540	0.208*	< 0.05	0.037	0.673
Night pain	0.088	0.304	0.223**	< 0.01	0.131	0.134	-0.028	0.749
Pain during activities of daily living	0.035	0.683	0.004	0.965	0.298**	< 0.01	0.009	0.921

Table 3. Simple Correlation Coefficients Between the MMSE, MADRS-S, Number of Family Members, and Pain Type (n = 142)

Types of pain

BMI

MMSE

MADRS-S

Number of family members

P-value

*Correlation coefficient is significant at 5% level. **Correlation coefficient is significant at 1% level. BMI: body mass index; MADRS-S: Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale; MMSE: mini-mental state examination.

Pain at rest

-0.060

0.483

-0.060

0.484

0.191*

< 0.05

0.082

0.346

Pain at motion

-0.129

0.130

-0.052

0.540

0.208*

< 0.05

0.037

0.673

Night pain

0.088

0.304

0.223**

< 0.01

0.131

0.134

-0.028

0.749

Pain during activities of daily living

0.035

0.683

0.004

0.965

0.298**

< 0.01

0.009

0.921

**Table 4.** Result of Multiple Regression Analysis With MMSE as a Dependent Variable (n =142)
	B	SE	β	t-value	P-value	Partial correlation	VIF
R² = 0.204, ANOVA, P < 0.001. MMSE: mini-mental state examination; VIF: variance inflation factor.
Constant	15.962	3.689		4.327	0.000
Number of family members	-0.191	0.074	-0.225	-2.572	<0.01	-0.228	1.168
Pain at rest	-0.900	1.060	-0.081	-0.848	0.398	-0.077	1.382
Pain at motion	-0.615	0.844	-0.078	-0.728	0.468	-0.066	1.727
Night pain	1.949	0.628	0.305	3.102	<0.01	0.271	1.469
Pain during activities of daily living	-0.084	0.774	-0.012	-0.109	0.913	-0.010	1.848

Table 4. Result of Multiple Regression Analysis With MMSE as a Dependent Variable (n =142)

t-value

P-value

Partial correlation

VIF

R² = 0.204, ANOVA, P < 0.001. MMSE: mini-mental state examination; VIF: variance inflation factor.

Constant

15.962

3.689

4.327

0.000

Number of family members

-0.191

0.074

-0.225

-2.572

<0.01

-0.228

1.168

Pain at rest

-0.900

1.060

-0.081

-0.848

0.398

-0.077

1.382

Pain at motion

-0.615

0.844

-0.078

-0.728

0.468

-0.066

1.727

Night pain

1.949

0.628

0.305

3.102

<0.01

0.271

1.469

Pain during activities of daily living

-0.084

0.774

-0.012

-0.109

0.913

-0.010

1.848

**Table 5.** Result of Multiple Regression Analysis With MADRS-S as a Dependent Variable (n = 142)
	B	SE	β	t-value	P-value	Partial correlation	VIF
R² = 0.221, ANOVA, P < 0.001. VIF: variance inflation factor.
Constant	9.280	4.820		1.920	0.050
Number of family members	-0.880	0.376	-0.200	-2.335	<0.05	-0.215	1.060
Pain at rest	0.953	1.298	0.073	0.734	0.464	0.069	1.430
Pain at motion	0.047	1.020	0.005	0.046	0.963	0.004	1.750
Night pain	0.717	0.775	0.097	0.925	0.357	0.087	1.580
Pain during activities of daily living	1.582	0.920	0.193	1.719	0.088	0.160	1.820

Table 5. Result of Multiple Regression Analysis With MADRS-S as a Dependent Variable (n = 142)

t-value

P-value

Partial correlation

VIF

R² = 0.221, ANOVA, P < 0.001. VIF: variance inflation factor.

Constant

9.280

4.820

1.920

0.050

Number of family members

-0.880

0.376

-0.200

-2.335

<0.05

-0.215

1.060

Pain at rest

0.953

1.298

0.073

0.734

0.464

0.069

1.430

Pain at motion

0.047

1.020

0.005

0.046

0.963

0.004

1.750

Night pain

0.717

0.775

0.097

0.925

0.357

0.087

1.580

Pain during activities of daily living

1.582

0.920

0.193

1.719

0.088

0.160

1.820