J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 9, September 2017, pages 759-764

The Cluster of Abnormalities Related to Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate and Raised Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 1. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (a), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) (b) and elevated albuminuria (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g) (c) in type 2 diabetes patients with (black columns) and without metabolic syndrome (white columns).

Figure 2. Prevalence of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m²) (a) and mean ± SE of eGFR (b) as a function of the number of components of metabolic syndrome.

Figure 3. Prevalence of albuminuria (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg/g) (a) and mean ± SE of log ACR (b) as a function of the number of components of metabolic syndrome.

Figure 4. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease (low estimated glomerular filtration rate and/or albuminuria) as a function of the number of components of metabolic syndrome.

**Table 1.** Clinical Features of 168 Type 2 Diabetes Patients With and Without Metabolic Syndrome
	Metabolic syndrome	P values
TG: triglycerides; eGFR:estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR:albumin/creatinine ratio; BP: blood pressure.
Male, n (%)	48 (53%)	42 (55%)	0.82
Age (years), mean ± SE	62.0 ± 1.1	62.9 ± 1.1	0.56
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SE	22.7 ± 0.3	26.1 ± 0.4	0.000
Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SE	82.1 ± 0.7	92.3 ± 1.2	0.000
Duration of diabetes (years), mean ± SE	9.8 ± 0.8	9.9 ± 0.8	0.87
Diabetes therapy, n (%)
Diet	31 (34%)	22 (29%)	0.45
Oral anti-diabetic agents	42 (46%)	43 (56%)	0.21
Insulin	18 (20%)	12 (16%)	0.48
Fasting glucose (mg/dL), mean ± SE	124 ± 2	127 ± 3	0.41
HbA1c (%), mean ± SE	6.9 ± 0.1	7.1 ± 0.1	0.18
Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SE	189 ± 2	187 ± 3	0.50
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SE	62 ± 2	48 ± 1	0.000
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SE	110 ± 2	113 ± 3	0.30
Fasting TG (mg/dL), mean ± SE	94 ± 4	138 ± 7	0.000
Urinary ACR (mg/g), mean ± SE	41 ± 9	133 ± 53	0.07
log ACR, mean ± SE	1.21 ± 0.06	1.39 ± 0.07	0.049
Serum creatinine (mg/dL), mean ± SE	0.73 ± 0.02	0.78 ± 0.02	0.09
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²), mean ± SE	77.7 ± 1.6	73.5 ± 1.9	0.10
Systolic BP (mm Hg), mean ± SE	126 ± 1	131 ± 1	0.004
Diastolic BP (mm Hg), mean ± SE	71 ± 1	74 ± 1	0.006

Table 1. Clinical Features of 168 Type 2 Diabetes Patients With and Without Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome

P values

Absent (n = 91)

Present (n = 77)

TG: triglycerides; eGFR:estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR:albumin/creatinine ratio; BP: blood pressure.

Male, n (%)

48 (53%)

42 (55%)

0.82

Age (years), mean ± SE

62.0 ± 1.1

62.9 ± 1.1

0.56

BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SE

22.7 ± 0.3

26.1 ± 0.4

0.000

Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SE

82.1 ± 0.7

92.3 ± 1.2

0.000

Duration of diabetes (years), mean ± SE

9.8 ± 0.8

9.9 ± 0.8

0.87

Diabetes therapy, n (%)

Diet

31 (34%)

22 (29%)

0.45

Oral anti-diabetic agents

42 (46%)

43 (56%)

0.21

Insulin

18 (20%)

12 (16%)

0.48

Fasting glucose (mg/dL), mean ± SE

124 ± 2

127 ± 3

0.41

HbA1c (%), mean ± SE

6.9 ± 0.1

7.1 ± 0.1

0.18

Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SE

189 ± 2

187 ± 3

0.50

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SE

62 ± 2

48 ± 1

0.000

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean ± SE

110 ± 2

113 ± 3

0.30

Fasting TG (mg/dL), mean ± SE

94 ± 4

138 ± 7

0.000

Urinary ACR (mg/g), mean ± SE

41 ± 9

133 ± 53

0.07

log ACR, mean ± SE

1.21 ± 0.06

1.39 ± 0.07

0.049

Serum creatinine (mg/dL), mean ± SE

0.73 ± 0.02

0.78 ± 0.02

0.09

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²), mean ± SE

77.7 ± 1.6

73.5 ± 1.9

0.10

Systolic BP (mm Hg), mean ± SE

126 ± 1

131 ± 1

0.004

Diastolic BP (mm Hg), mean ± SE

71 ± 1

74 ± 1

0.006