Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 7, July 2017, pages 605-612


Effects of Six Kinds of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Metabolic Parameters, and Summarized Effect and Its Correlations With Baseline Data

Tables

Table 1. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Tofogliflozin
 
nBaseline, mean ± SD3 months after, mean ± SDnBaseline, mean ± SD6 months after, mean ± SD
*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)1285.9 ± 15.183.1 ± 13.2**1181.5 ± 12.479.1 ± 11.3**
Systolic BP (mm Hg)7124.0 ± 12.9123.9 ± 7.58127.3 ± 15.1126.4 ± 11.0
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)773.6 ± 6.174.3 ± 6.8876.0 ± 8.976.9 ± 5.2
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)19214.7 ± 91.0189.1 ± 76.216217.6 ± 95.7191.6 ± 67.5
HbA1c (%)138.6 ± 1.57.8 ± 1.5**128.7 ± 1.47.9 ± 1.2*
AST (U/L)1928.1 ± 14.223.7 ± 7.8*1630.9 ± 18.028.7 ± 18.7
ALT (U/L)1933.8 ± 27.326.6 ± 11.81636.8 ± 29.434.9 ± 33.7
γ-GT (U/L)1136.4 ± 22.429.9 ± 14.31046.1 ± 30.140.1 ± 26.2*
Uric acid (mg/dL)195.3 ± 1.25.0 ± 1.1165.3 ± 1.24.9 ± 0.9*
TG (mg/dL)17216.6 ± 114.4214.1 ± 188.816219.4 ± 118.5204.1 ± 123.8
HDL-C (mg/dL)1750.4 ± 10.551.8 ± 9.41650.1 ± 10.052.8 ± 8.9
LDL-C (mg/dL)16113.8 ± 39.4112.7 ± 36.115112.4 ± 39.6108.2 ± 28.4
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)7139.9 ± 24.2137.9 ± 22.35135.2 ± 22.9142.4 ± 29.2

 

Table 2. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Canagliflozin
 
nBaseline, mean ± SD3 months after, mean ± SDnBaseline, mean ± SD6 months after, mean ± SD
*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)2179.4 ± 12.978.5 ± 13.3*1980.3±13.178.8 ± 13.3*
Systolic BP (mm Hg)23131.6 ± 12.1126.0 ± 17.3*21131.9 ± 28.7120.6 ± 15.4**
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)2376.9 ± 10.176.4 ± 10.72177.4 ± 10.872.0 ± 10.4**
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)27214.3 ± 75.9175.4 ± 72.7**27210.9 ± 74.7170.0 ± 49.7**
HbA1c (%)258.6 ± 1.67.7 ± 1.1**248.7 ± 1.67.7 ± 1.0**
AST (U/L)2730.9 ± 33.223.9 ± 11.12730.1 ± 33.223.7 ± 10.5
ALT (U/L)2641.7 ± 49.134.6 ± 28.22640.5 ± 49.230.3 ± 20.2
γ-GT (U/L)2237.5 ± 24.030.8 ± 18.9**2336.7 ± 23.731.3 ± 21.8*
Uric acid (mg/dL)255.3 ± 1.45.1 ± 1.2265.0 ± 1.15.0 ± 1.1
TG (mg/dL)25196.0 ± 135.7166.9 ± 104.2*26193.5 ± 133.5175.3 ± 125.2
HDL-C (mg/dL)2550.9 ± 12.850.3 ± 11.92651.8 ± 13.451.3 ± 14.0
LDL-C (mg/dlL)24102.6 ± 29.1104.3 ± 26.325103.1 ± 28.6109.2 ± 29.2
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)19134.3 ± 36.4129.2 ± 29.619135.3 ± 36.4135.9 ± 33.9

 

Table 3. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Empagliflozin
 
nBaseline, mean ± SD3 months after, mean ± SDnBaseline, mean ± SD6 months after, mean ± SD
*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)1787.5 ± 21.486.6 ± 21.3684.9 ± 30.980.2 ± 27.9**
Systolic BP (mm Hg)16135.4 ± 17.9128.1 ± 14.84147.0 ± 31.4146.3 ± 35.8
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)1681.0 ± 16.078.6 ± 11.8484.8 ± 23.988.0 ± 28.2
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)17222.4 ± 73.0171.5 ± 66.0*6205.7 ± 77.5145.5 ± 38.6**
HbA1c (%)179.4 ± 2.07.6 ± 1.1**69.6 ± 2.67.4 ± 1.0**
AST (U/L)1731.2 ± 21.328.1 ± 17.8624.8 ± 18.620.3 ± 7.1
ALT (U/L)1746.2 ± 43.539.6 ± 34.6627.0 ± 21.120.0 ± 9.4
γ-GT (U/L)16104.6 ± 213.673.9 ± 127.7529.0 ± 20.423.0 ± 9.8
Uric acid (mg/dL)155.5 ± 2.25.1 ± 1.664.4 ± 1.75.2 ± 3.1
TG (mg/dL)17257.6 ± 204.3173.3 ± 105.4**6164.0 ± 98.8104.7 ± 36.7
HDL-C (mg/dL)1751.1 ± 16.552.5 ± 16.5657.3 ± 2463.0 ± 23.5**
LDL-C (mg/dL)17111.0 ± 29.1102.6 ± 24.86113.7 ± 36.6107.2 ± 28.2
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)15159.4 ± 50.6134.9 ± 30.3**5145.4 ± 47.8119.0 ± 28.9

 

Table 4. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Ipragliflozin
 
nBaseline, mean ± SD3 months after, mean ± SDnBaseline, mean ± SD6 months after, mean ± SD
*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)2190.9 ± 18.689.5 ± 18.1**1395.2 ± 20.993.8 ± 20.8*
Systolic BP (mm Hg)17130.5 ± 14.7126.7 ± 19.015127.3 ± 8.9126.4 ± 21.1
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)1777.5 ± 10.379.6 ± 12.11574.3 ± 9.276.7 ± 10.2
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)23176.1 ± 77.4161.3 ± 78.919176.8 ± 80.4158.6 ± 60.2
HbA1c (%)198.2 ± 1.67.5 ± 1.3**168.2 ± 1.87.4 ± 1.1**
AST (U/L)2031.4 ± 19.726.8 ± 16.41633.5 ± 21.127.0 ± 13.2**
ALT (U/L)2244.0 ± 39.036.7 ± 27.61847.6 ± 42.037.4 ± 20.4
γ-GT (U/L)1764.5 ± 50.261.6 ± 46.71459.2 ± 38.358.9 ± 38.2
Uric acid (mg/dL)165.5 ± 1.45.4 ± 1.1145.4 ± 1.45.0 ± 1.1
TG (mg/dL)22176.0 ± 69.6161.0 ± 74.618177.0 ± 76.2172.1 ± 87.2
HDL-C (mg/dL)2247.2 ± 10.646.7 ± 13.01848.3 ± 10.847.2 ± 13.0
LDL-C (mg/dL)21108.2 ± 30.3105.6 ± 34.415110.4 ± 30.6102.5 ± 30.8
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)12143.8 ± 29.1140.3 ± 30.411144.2 ± 30.1134.5 ± 30.4

 

Table 5. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Dapagliflozin
 
nBaseline, mean ± SD3 months after, mean ± SDnBaseline, mean ± SD6 months after, mean ± SD
*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)3381.1 ± 17.479.5 ± 17.5**2778.5 ± 19.676.9 ± 19.1**
Systolic BP (mm Hg)30130.2 ± 14.5131.2 ± 17.023127.1 ± 15.2128.1 ± 16.1
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)3079.7 ± 11.077.1 ± 13.22280.6 ± 11.275.7 ± 9.9
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)29188.8 ± 67.1167.8 ± 64.123184.0 ± 54.0162.7 ± 91.0
HbA1c (%)178.1 ± 2.07.4 ± 1.2**128.5 ± 1.07.7 ± 1.2*
AST (U/L)3134.0 ± 28.330.8 ± 22.02436.9 ± 31.824.0 ± 13.6**
ALT (U/L)3337.9 ± 27.337.2 ± 43.62641.2 ± 29.329.6 ± 23.8**
γ-GT (U/L)2650.3 ± 33.048.1 ± 33.52151.0 ± 30.643.2 ± 30.6
Uric acid (mg/dL)205.8 ± 1.55.9 ± 1.6165.6 ± 1.36.1 ± 1.6
TG (mg/dL)25224.2 ± 173.3261.5 ± 284.519268.1 ± 188.8276.2 ± 269.8
HDL-C (mg/dL)2348.0 ± 12.449.3 ± 10.81843.9 ± 10.247.9 ± 11.2**
LDL-C (mg/dL)16111.9 ± 42.799.9 ± 28.215110.2 ± 32.3108.9 ± 30.5
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)16145.3 ± 45.5141.5 ± 46.115144.3 ± 36.7151.9 ± 38.0

 

Table 6. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Luseogliflozin
 
nBaseline, mean ± SD3 months after, mean ± SDnBaseline, mean ± SD6 months after, mean ± SD
*P < 0.1 and **P < 0.05 vs. baseline.
Body weight (kg)2981.3 ± 16.179.8 ± 16.1**2181.5 ± 15.679.8 ± 15.5**
Systolic BP (mm Hg)27137.4 ± 20.8129.9 ± 16.1*21134.7 ± 23.3127.9 ± 23.2
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)2783.9 ± 13.478.5 ± 11.1**2183.5 ± 13.977.2 ± 10.2**
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)32201.8 ± 95.0173.1 ± 70.5*21202.7 ± 94.0177.5 ± 87.1*
HbA1c (%)288.8 ± 1.68.0 ± 1.3**208.7 ± 1.87.5 ± 1.0**
AST (U/L)3436.6 ± 29.430.1 ± 21.0**2242.7 ± 32.627.8 ± 19.6**
ALT (U/L)3547.0 ± 41.940.3 ± 36.2**2259.8 ± 47.343.9 ± 39.6**
γ-GT (U/L)2764.6 ± 50.450.3 ± 41.1**2073.8 ± 49.150.4 ± 33.4**
Uric acid (mg/dL)265.7 ± 1.65.2 ± 1.6**156.0 ± 1.25.4 ± 1.0**
TG (mg/dL)30213.5 ± 163.2187.0 ± 134.6*19284.7 ± 174.5223.3 ± 138.0**
HDL-C (mg/dL)2950.2 ± 13.651.2 ± 13.31845.1 ± 7.945.4 ± 6.5
LDL-C (mg/dL)30113.3 ± 31.2110.4 ± 38.419113.0 ± 34.0106.0 ± 36.7
Non-HDL-C (mg/dL)24146.2 ± 47.6143.5 ± 48.215163.5 ± 41.9141.9 ± 37.1**

 

Table 7. Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of SGLT2 Inhibitors
 
Baseline vs. 3 months afterBaseline vs. 6 months after
nBaseline, mean ± SD3 months after, mean ± SDP valuenBaseline, mean ± SD6 months after, mean ± SDP value
Body weight (kg)13183.7 ± 17.382.2 ± 17.1< 0.0019782.5 ± 18.380.6 ± 17.8< 0.001
Systolic BP (mm Hg)118132.3 ± 16.3128.2 ± 16.30.01292130.8 ± 17.2126.0 ± 20.60.024
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)11879.5 ± 12.177.5 ± 11.50.0459179.3 ± 12.176.7 ± 12.30.077
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)145201.1 ± 81.3172.5 ± 71.0< 0.001112198.8 ± 79.1169.7 ± 70.7< 0.001
HbA1c (%)1178.6 ± 1.77.7 ± 1.2< 0.001908.6 ± 1.77.6 ± 1.1< 0.001
AST (U/L)14632.8 ± 26.327.7 ± 17.50.00111134.4 ± 28.725.6 ± 14.8< 0.001
ALT (U/L)15042.2 ± 38.636.5 ± 33.20.01411444.3 ± 40.234.0 ± 27.7< 0.001
γ-GT (U/L)11758.2 ± 86.448.3 ± 56.10.0049351.9 ± 36.842.8 ± 30.4< 0.001
Uric acid (mg/dL)1195.5 ± 1.55.3 ± 1.40.032935.4 ± 1.45.3 ± 1.40.299
Triglyceride (mg/dL)134212.5 ± 149.8194.8 ± 168.10.084104223.2 ± 145.7202.3 ± 159.40.063
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)13149.6 ± 12.850.3 ± 12.60.19410248.7 ± 12.249.9 ± 12.70.059
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)126108.8 ± 33.5107.0 ± 30.80.374100109.3 ± 32.1107.7 ± 30.20.51
Non-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)98145.0 ± 42.1138.2 ± 38.00.03100145.4 ± 37.1139.6 ± 34.30.063

 

Table 8. Summary of Changes in Metabolic Parameters at 3 and 6 Months After the Start of Each SGLT2 Inhibitor
 
SGLT2iTofogliflozinCanagliflozinEmpagliflozinIpragliflozinDapagliflozinLuseogliflozin
↓ and (↓) indicate P < 0.05 and P < 0.1, respectively.
Body weight
  3 months(↓)
  6 months(↓)(↓)
Systolic BP
  3 months(↓)(↓)
  6 months
Diastolic BP
  3 months
  6 months(↓)
Plasma glucose
  3 months(↓)(↓)
  6 months(↓)
HbA1c
  3 months
  6 months(↓)(↓)
AST
  3 months(↓)
  6 months
ALT
  3 months
  6 months
γ-GT
  3 months
  6 months(↓)(↓)
Uric acid
  3 months
  6 months(↓)
TG
  3 months(↓)(↓)(↓)
  6 months(↓)
HDL-C
  3 months
  6 months(↑)
LDL-C
  3 months
  6 months
Non-HDL-C
  3 months
  6 months(↓)

 

Table 9. The Most Crucial Determinant in Baseline Parameters for Changes in Metabolic Parameters by Using SGLT2 Inhibitors
 
Most crucial determinantrP value
Changes in body weight
  Systolic BP
    3 months-0.2050.02
    6 months-0.2930.004
Changes in systolic BP
  Systolic BP
    3 months-0.42< 0.001
    6 months0.34< 0.001
Changes in diastolic BP
  Diastolic BP
    3 months-0.425< 0.001
    6 months-0.611< 0.001
Changes in plasma glucose
  Plasma glucose
    3 months-0.676< 0.001
    6 months-0.674< 0.001
Changes in HbA1c
  HbA1c
    3 months-0.619< 0.001
    6 months-0.659< 0.001
Changes in AST
  AST
    3 months-0.582< 0.001
    6 months-0.0230.023
Changes in ALT
  ALT
    3 months-0.441< 0.001
    6 months-0.429< 0.001
Changes in γ-GT
  γ-GT
    3 months-0.517< 0.001
  ALT
    6 months-0.478< 0.001
Changes in uric acid
  Uric acid
    3 months-0.694< 0.001
    6 months-0.463< 0.001
Changes in TG
  Non-HDL-C
    3 months-0.389< 0.001
  TG
    6 months-0.425< 0.001
Changes in HDL-C
  LDL-C
    3 months-0.445< 0.001
  HDL-C
    6 months-0.4280.019
Changes in LDL-C
  LDL-C
    3 months-0.351< 0.001
    6 months-0.353< 0.001
Changes in non-HDL-C
  Non-HDL-C
    3 months-0.389< 0.001
  LDL-C
    6 months-0.458< 0.001