J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 11, November 2015, pages 853-856

Clinical Significance of Pregnancies Complicated by Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion Associated With Other Umbilical Cord/Placental Abnormalities

**Table 1.** Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of the Singleton Pregnancies With and Without Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion
Velamentous cord insertion	No	Yes	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Data are presented as number (%). CI: confidence interval.
Total	16,797	168
Maternal age ≥ 35 years	5,755 (34.3)	63 (37.5)	0.37	-	-
Nulliparity	8,655 (51.5)	114 (6.8)	< 0.01	1.99	1.4 - 2.8
In vitro fertilization use	900 (5.4)	36 (21.4)	< 0.01	4.82	3.3 - 7.0
Maternal smoking	357 (2.1)	9 (5.4)	< 0.01	2.61	1.3 - 5.1
Hypertensive disorders	702 (4.2)	18 (10.7)	< 0.01	2.75	1.7 - 4.5
Placental abruption	101 (0.6)	5 (3.0)	< 0.01	5.07	2.0 - 13
Intrauterine fetal demise	124 (0.7)	3 (1.8)	0.11	-	-
Preterm delivery	1,349 (8.0)	37 (22.0)	< 0.01	3.23	2.2 - 4.7
Emergency cesarean delivery	1,439 (8.6)	29 (17.3)	< 0.01	2.23	1.5 - 3.3
Fetal asphyxia	993 (5.9)	20 (11.9)	< 0.01	2.15	1.3 - 3.5
Neonatal asphyxia	7 (4.2)	240 (1.4)	< 0.01	3.00	1.4 - 6.5
Small-for-gestational-age infant	936 (5.6)	22 (13.1)	< 0.01	2.55	1.6 - 4.0

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of the Singleton Pregnancies With and Without Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion

Velamentous cord insertion

Yes

P-value

Odds ratio

95% CI

Data are presented as number (%). CI: confidence interval.

Total

16,797

168

Maternal age ≥ 35 years

5,755 (34.3)

63 (37.5)

0.37

Nulliparity

8,655 (51.5)

114 (6.8)

< 0.01

1.99

1.4 - 2.8

In vitro fertilization use

900 (5.4)

36 (21.4)

< 0.01

4.82

3.3 - 7.0

Maternal smoking

357 (2.1)

9 (5.4)

< 0.01

2.61

1.3 - 5.1

Hypertensive disorders

702 (4.2)

18 (10.7)

< 0.01

2.75

1.7 - 4.5

Placental abruption

101 (0.6)

5 (3.0)

< 0.01

5.07

2.0 - 13

Intrauterine fetal demise

124 (0.7)

3 (1.8)

0.11

Preterm delivery

1,349 (8.0)

37 (22.0)

< 0.01

3.23

2.2 - 4.7

Emergency cesarean delivery

1,439 (8.6)

29 (17.3)

< 0.01

2.23

1.5 - 3.3

Fetal asphyxia

993 (5.9)

20 (11.9)

< 0.01

2.15

1.3 - 3.5

Neonatal asphyxia

7 (4.2)

240 (1.4)

< 0.01

3.00

1.4 - 6.5

Small-for-gestational-age infant

936 (5.6)

22 (13.1)

< 0.01

2.55

1.6 - 4.0

**Table 2.** Relation Between Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion and Other Umbilical Cord/Placental Abnormalities
Velamentous cord insertion	No	Yes	P-value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Data are presented as number (%). CI: confidence interval.
Total	16,797	168
Other umbilical cord/placental abnormalities
Total	1,293 (7.7)	21 (12.5)	0.02	1.71	1.1 - 2.7
Excessively long umbilical cord	724 (4.3)	11 (6.5)	0.16	-	-
Vasa previa	0 (0)	3 (1.8)	< 0.01	-	-
Single umbilical artery	23 (0.1)	3 (1.2)	< 0.01	13.3	3.9 - 45
Circumvallate placenta	212 (1.2)	5 (3.0)	0.049	2.40	0.98 - 5.9
Succenturiate placenta	112 (0.7)	2 (1.2)	0.41	-	-
Lobed placenta	21 (0.1)	3 (1.8)	< 0.01	14.5	4.3 - 48
Placenta previa	164 (1.0)	5 (3.0)	< 0.01	3.11	1.3 - 7.7
Low lying placenta	105 (0.6)	3 (1.8)	0.06	-	-
Placenta accreta	97 (0.6)	3 (1.8)	0.04	3.13	0.98 - 10

Table 2. Relation Between Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion and Other Umbilical Cord/Placental Abnormalities

Velamentous cord insertion

Yes

P-value

Odds ratio

95% CI

Data are presented as number (%). CI: confidence interval.

Total

16,797

168

Other umbilical cord/placental abnormalities

Total

1,293 (7.7)

21 (12.5)

0.02

1.71

1.1 - 2.7

Excessively long umbilical cord

724 (4.3)

11 (6.5)

0.16

Vasa previa

0 (0)

3 (1.8)

< 0.01

Single umbilical artery

23 (0.1)

3 (1.2)

< 0.01

13.3

3.9 - 45

Circumvallate placenta

212 (1.2)

5 (3.0)

0.049

2.40

0.98 - 5.9

Succenturiate placenta

112 (0.7)

2 (1.2)

0.41

Lobed placenta

21 (0.1)

3 (1.8)

< 0.01

14.5

4.3 - 48

Placenta previa

164 (1.0)

5 (3.0)

< 0.01

3.11

1.3 - 7.7

Low lying placenta

105 (0.6)

3 (1.8)

0.06

Placenta accreta

97 (0.6)

3 (1.8)

0.04

3.13

0.98 - 10

**Table 3.** Relation Between These Umbilical Cord/Placental Abnormalities and the Adverse Outcomes in the Pregnancies Complicated by Velamentous Cord Insertion
Other umbilical cord/placental abnormalities	P-value
Total
Preterm delivery	0.24
Fetal asphyxia	0.56
Small-for-gestational-age infant	0.58
Vasa previa
Preterm delivery	0.23
Fetal asphyxia	0.80
Small-for-gestational-age infant	0.85
Single umbilical artery
Preterm delivery	0.82
Fetal asphyxia	0.80
Small-for-gestational-age infant	0.85
Lobed placenta
Preterm delivery	0.82
Fetal asphyxia	0.80
Small-for-gestational-age infant	0.85
Placenta previa
Preterm delivery	0.51
Fetal asphyxia	0.89
Small-for-gestational-age infant	0.84

Table 3. Relation Between These Umbilical Cord/Placental Abnormalities and the Adverse Outcomes in the Pregnancies Complicated by Velamentous Cord Insertion

Other umbilical cord/placental abnormalities

P-value

Total

Preterm delivery

0.24

Fetal asphyxia

0.56

Small-for-gestational-age infant

0.58

Vasa previa

Preterm delivery

0.23

Fetal asphyxia

0.80

Small-for-gestational-age infant

0.85

Single umbilical artery

Preterm delivery

0.82

Fetal asphyxia

0.80

Small-for-gestational-age infant

0.85

Lobed placenta

Preterm delivery

0.82

Fetal asphyxia

0.80

Small-for-gestational-age infant

0.85

Placenta previa

Preterm delivery

0.51

Fetal asphyxia

0.89

Small-for-gestational-age infant

0.84