J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 6, June 2015, pages 435-439

Seroepidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica Infection in General Population in Rural Durango, Mexico

**Table 1.** Bivariate Analysis of a Selection of Exposure Variables and Seroprevalence of *E. histolytica* in General Population in Rural Durango
Characteristic	No. of subjects tested	Positive ELISA results	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P value
^aEmployed: agriculture, business, construction worker, factory worker, professional, other. ^bUnemployed: housewives, students or none occupation.
Gender
Male	62	27	43.5	1.1	0.61 - 1.93	0.75
Female	220	91	41.4	1.0
Age groups (years)
30 or less	75	23	30.7	1.0
31 - 50	120	47	39.2	1.5	0.78 - 2.68	0.22
> 50	87	48	55.2	2.8	1.45 - 5.31	0.001
Community
One	94	14	14.9	1.0
Two	82	52	63.4	9.9	4.80 - 20.43	< 0.0001
Three	106	52	49.1	5.5	2.77 - 10.90	< 0.0001
Educational level
No education	27	17	63.0	2.6	1.14 - 5.88	0.01
Education	255	101	40.4	1
Occupation
Employed^a	66	29	43.9	1.1	0.64 - 1.95	0.69
Unemployed^b	216	89	41.2	1.0
Socio-economic level
Low	218	97	44.5	1.6	0.91 - 2.95	0.09
Medium	64	21	32.8	1.0
Traveled abroad
Yes	44	21	47.7	1.3	0.69 - 2.53	0.38
No	238	97	40.8	1.0
Unpasteurized cow milk consumption
Yes	182	68	37.4	0.6	0.36 - 0.97	0.03
No	100	50	50	1.0
Unwashed raw vegetables
Yes	51	19	37.3	0.8	0.42 - 1.47	0.46
No	231	99	42.9	1.0
Unwashed raw fruits
Yes	66	25	37.9	0.8	0.45 - 1.41	0.45
No	216	93	43.1	1.0
Untreated water
Yes	139	59	42.4	1.1	0.65 - 1.68	0.83
No	143	59	41.3	1.0
Soil contact
Yes	250	108	43.2	1.7	0.76 - 3.68	0.19
No	32	10	31.3	1.0
Source of drinking water
Home	172	93	54.1	4.0	2.33 - 6.85	< 0.0001
Out of home	110	25	22.7	1.0
Sewage disposal
Pipes	130	60	46.2	1.0
Latrine, other	152	58	38.2	0.7	0.44 - 1.15	0.17
Crowding
No	62	38	61.3	1.0
Yes	220	80	36.4	0.4	0.20 - 0.64	0.0004
Education of the head of family
7 or more years	50	15	30	1.0
4 - 6 years	119	45	37.8	1.4	0.69 - 2.88	0.33
Up to 3 years	113	58	51.3	2.5	1.21 - 4.99	0.01
Floor at home
Ceramic	19	7	36.8	1.0
Concrete	184	69	37.5	1.0	0.38 - 2.73	0.95
Soil	79	42	53.2	1.9	0.69 - 5.45	0.20

Table 1. Bivariate Analysis of a Selection of Exposure Variables and Seroprevalence of E. histolytica in General Population in Rural Durango

Characteristic

No. of subjects tested

Positive ELISA results

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P value

No.

^aEmployed: agriculture, business, construction worker, factory worker, professional, other. ^bUnemployed: housewives, students or none occupation.

Gender

Male

43.5

1.1

0.61 - 1.93

0.75

Female

220

41.4

1.0

Age groups (years)

30 or less

30.7

1.0

31 - 50

120

39.2

1.5

0.78 - 2.68

0.22

> 50

55.2

2.8

1.45 - 5.31

0.001

Community

One

14.9

1.0

Two

63.4

9.9

4.80 - 20.43

< 0.0001

Three

106

49.1

5.5

2.77 - 10.90

< 0.0001

Educational level

No education

63.0

2.6

1.14 - 5.88

0.01

Education

255

101

40.4

Occupation

Employed^a

43.9

1.1

0.64 - 1.95

0.69

Unemployed^b

216

41.2

1.0

Socio-economic level

Low

218

44.5

1.6

0.91 - 2.95

0.09

Medium

32.8

1.0

Traveled abroad

Yes

47.7

1.3

0.69 - 2.53

0.38

238

40.8

1.0

Unpasteurized cow milk consumption

Yes

182

37.4

0.6

0.36 - 0.97

0.03

100

1.0

Unwashed raw vegetables

Yes

37.3

0.8

0.42 - 1.47

0.46

231

42.9

1.0

Unwashed raw fruits

Yes

37.9

0.8

0.45 - 1.41

0.45

216

43.1

1.0

Untreated water

Yes

139

42.4

1.1

0.65 - 1.68

0.83

143

41.3

1.0

Soil contact

Yes

250

108

43.2

1.7

0.76 - 3.68

0.19

31.3

1.0

Source of drinking water

Home

172

54.1

4.0

2.33 - 6.85

< 0.0001

Out of home

110

22.7

1.0

Sewage disposal

Pipes

130

46.2

1.0

Latrine, other

152

38.2

0.7

0.44 - 1.15

0.17

Crowding

61.3

1.0

Yes

220

36.4

0.4

0.20 - 0.64

0.0004

Education of the head of family

7 or more years

1.0

4 - 6 years

119

37.8

1.4

0.69 - 2.88

0.33

Up to 3 years

113

51.3

2.5

1.21 - 4.99

0.01

Floor at home

Ceramic

36.8

1.0

Concrete

184

37.5

1.0

0.38 - 2.73

0.95

Soil

53.2

1.9

0.69 - 5.45

0.20

**Table 2.** Results of the Multivariate Regression Analysis
Variable	P value	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval
Age	0.25	1.24	0.85 - 1.82
Community	0.13	1.37	0.90 - 2.08
No education	0.37	1.54	0.58 - 4.04
Consumption of raw cow milk	0.03	0.55	0.31 - 0.96
Water at home	0.005	2.73	1.33 - 5.58
Crowding	0.0009	0.33	0.17 - 0.64
Education of the head of family	0.03	1.53	1.03 - 2.27

Table 2. Results of the Multivariate Regression Analysis

Variable

P value

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

Age

0.25

1.24

0.85 - 1.82

Community

0.13

1.37

0.90 - 2.08

No education

0.37

1.54

0.58 - 4.04

Consumption of raw cow milk

0.03

0.55

0.31 - 0.96

Water at home

0.005

2.73

1.33 - 5.58

Crowding

0.0009

0.33

0.17 - 0.64

Education of the head of family

0.03

1.53

1.03 - 2.27