J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 2, Number 2, April 2010, pages 68-74

Nutritional Status of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Admitted in Hospital With Acute Exacerbation

**Table 1.** Subject Demography and Preliminary Characteristic (N = 83)
Patient Characteristic	Description
* For females only
Age in years (Mean ± SD)	56.75 ± 10.36
Male/Female Ratio	73/10
Type of Residence N (%)
Rural	47(56.62)
Urban	36(43.37)
Smoking History N (%)
Non smokers	15 (18.07)
Current smokers	28 (33.73)
Former smokers	40 (48.19)
Smoking Index (Mean ± SD)	361.33 ± 39.11
Pack year (Mean ± SD)	7.85 ± 5.03
Exposure to domestic smoke* N (%)	10 (12.04)
Hours of exposure to domestic smoke (Mean ± SD)	3.11 ± 0.23

Table 1. Subject Demography and Preliminary Characteristic (N = 83)

Patient Characteristic

Description

* For females only

Age in years (Mean ± SD)

56.75 ± 10.36

Male/Female Ratio

73/10

Type of Residence N (%)

Rural

47(56.62)

Urban

36(43.37)

Smoking History N (%)

Non smokers

15 (18.07)

Current smokers

28 (33.73)

Former smokers

40 (48.19)

Smoking Index (Mean ± SD)

361.33 ± 39.11

Pack year (Mean ± SD)

7.85 ± 5.03

Exposure to domestic smoke* N (%)

10 (12.04)

Hours of exposure to domestic smoke (Mean ± SD)

3.11 ± 0.23

**Table 2.** Lung Function Tests Among Males and Females (N = 83)
Lung Function	Males	Females	Normal values
Data represented as Mean ± SDFEV₁ (Pre) = Forced expiratory volume in one second before bronchodilator;FEV₁ (Pre) = Forced expiratory volume in one second after bronchodilator; % predicted = expressed as percentage of the predicted value;FEV/ FVC (%) = FEV₁ expressed as % of inspiratory vital capacity
Spirometry
FVC (Pred.) (lit.)	2.95 ± 0.69	2.8 ± 0.57
FVC (Pre) (lit.)	1.82 ± 0.5	1.7 ± 0.23
FVC (Post) (lit.)	2.07 ± 0.57	1.92 ± 0.11
FEV₁(Pred.) (lit.)	2.37 ± 0.56	2.27 ± 0.44
FEV₁(Pre) (lit.)	0.79 ± 0.27	0.72 ± 0.09
FEV₁(Post) (lit.)	0.9 ± 0.28	0.81 ± 0.04
FEV₁/FVC % (Pre)	45.36 ± 6.36	42.33 ± 0.57
ABG Analysis
pH	7.35 ± 0.11	7.36 ± 0.06	7.35 - 7.45
pO₂	57.99 ± 14.59	49.03 ± 13.96	35 - 45 mm Hg
pCO₂	64.07 ± 7.28	70.03 ± 11.93	80 - 100 mmHg
SO₂ %	84.06 ± 12.18	78.2 ± 21.69	95 - 100%
CHCO₃	35.16 ± 7.12	41.7 ± 12.99	22 - 26 m/Eq/L

Table 2. Lung Function Tests Among Males and Females (N = 83)

Lung Function

Males

Females

Normal values

Data represented as Mean ± SDFEV₁ (Pre) = Forced expiratory volume in one second before bronchodilator;FEV₁ (Pre) = Forced expiratory volume in one second after bronchodilator; % predicted = expressed as percentage of the predicted value;FEV/ FVC (%) = FEV₁ expressed as % of inspiratory vital capacity

Spirometry

FVC (Pred.) (lit.)

2.95 ± 0.69

2.8 ± 0.57

FVC (Pre) (lit.)

1.82 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.23

FVC (Post) (lit.)

2.07 ± 0.57

1.92 ± 0.11

FEV₁(Pred.) (lit.)

2.37 ± 0.56

2.27 ± 0.44

FEV₁(Pre) (lit.)

0.79 ± 0.27

0.72 ± 0.09

FEV₁(Post) (lit.)

0.9 ± 0.28

0.81 ± 0.04

FEV₁/FVC % (Pre)

45.36 ± 6.36

42.33 ± 0.57

ABG Analysis

7.35 ± 0.11

7.36 ± 0.06

7.35 - 7.45

pO₂

57.99 ± 14.59

49.03 ± 13.96

35 - 45 mm Hg

pCO₂

64.07 ± 7.28

70.03 ± 11.93

80 - 100 mmHg

SO₂ %

84.06 ± 12.18

78.2 ± 21.69

95 - 100%

CHCO₃

35.16 ± 7.12

41.7 ± 12.99

22 - 26 m/Eq/L

**Table 3.** Nutritional Characteristics Among Males and Females (N = 83)
Anthropometry	Males	Females	Normal values
Data represented as Mean ± SDBMI Body Mass Index; MUAC Mid Upper Arm Circumference.
Actual weight (kg)	50.03 ± 9.23	47.66 ± 4.04
Usual weight (kg)	68.23 ± 9.80	58.23 ± 4.72
% Weight loss in previous six months Median (range)	5.9 (0 - 6.7)	4.5 (0 - 5.3)
BMI (kg/m²)	20.22 ± 2.57	19.38 ± 3.11
MUAC (cm)	21.18 ± 2.31	21.03 ± 2.57	27.4 - 35.5

Table 3. Nutritional Characteristics Among Males and Females (N = 83)

Anthropometry

Males

Females

Normal values

Data represented as Mean ± SDBMI Body Mass Index; MUAC Mid Upper Arm Circumference.

Actual weight (kg)

50.03 ± 9.23

47.66 ± 4.04

Usual weight (kg)

68.23 ± 9.80

58.23 ± 4.72

% Weight loss in previous six months Median (range)

5.9 (0 - 6.7)

4.5 (0 - 5.3)

BMI (kg/m²)

20.22 ± 2.57

19.38 ± 3.11

MUAC (cm)

21.18 ± 2.31

21.03 ± 2.57

27.4 - 35.5

**Table 4.** Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics Among Males and Females (N = 83)
Parameters	Males	Females	Normal Values
Data represented as Mean ± SDRBS, Random Blood Sugar; FBS, Fasting Blood Sugar; PPS, Post Prandial Sugar; TLC, Total Leukocyte Count.
Physiological
Pulse Rate	93.75 ± 8.69	94.0 ± 2.0	70 - 78
Systolic	125 ± 21	126 ± 23	120 mm
Diastolic	79.0 ± 13.0	90.0 ± 0.0	80 mm
Respiratory Rate	23.77 ± 2.87	23.33 ± 2.33	14-18 breaths/min
Biochemical
Hemoglobin g/dl	13.24 ± 2.72	13.4 ± 2.98	13.5-18.0 for males 11.5 - 16.5 for females
TLC mm³	13379 ± 2180.3	11166.0 ± 1240.33	4000 - 10,000 mm³
Blood Sugar level
RBS mg/dl	117 ± 45.24	105 ± 45.8	70 - 160 mg/dl
FBS mg/dl	106.89 ± 50.41	112.33 ± 62.06	70 - 110 mg/dl
PPS mg/dl	146.58 ± 58.24	154.66 ± 77.82	110 - 160 mg/dl
T.Protein g/dl	6.37 ± 0.63	7.16 ± 0.35	6.0 - 8.0 g/dl
S.Albumin g/dl	4.09 ± 0.40	4.4 ± 0.43	3.5 - 5.5 g/dl
S.Urea mg/dl	37.72 ± 2.03	47.66 ± 10.74	10 - 45 mg/dl
S.Creatinine mg/dl	1.22 ± 0.08	0.9 ± 0.28	< 1.5 mg/dl
S.Bilirubin mg/dl	0.82 ± 0.01	0.86 ± 0.14	Upto 1.0 mg/dl
S.Sodium m/Eq/L	130.95 ± 46.55	130.66 ± 5.77	135 - 145 m/Eq/L
S.Potassium m/Eq/L	4.44 ± 4.59	4.76 ± 0.75	3.5 - 5.0 m/Eq/L
S.Calcium mg/dl	3.31 ± 1.62	3.4 ± 1.97	8.5 - 10.5 mg/Dl

Table 4. Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics Among Males and Females (N = 83)

Parameters

Males

Females

Normal Values

Data represented as Mean ± SDRBS, Random Blood Sugar; FBS, Fasting Blood Sugar; PPS, Post Prandial Sugar; TLC, Total Leukocyte Count.

Physiological

Pulse Rate

93.75 ± 8.69

94.0 ± 2.0

70 - 78

Systolic

125 ± 21

126 ± 23

120 mm

Diastolic

79.0 ± 13.0

90.0 ± 0.0

80 mm

Respiratory Rate

23.77 ± 2.87

23.33 ± 2.33

14-18 breaths/min

Biochemical

Hemoglobin g/dl

13.24 ± 2.72

13.4 ± 2.98

13.5-18.0 for males
11.5 - 16.5 for females

TLC mm³

13379 ± 2180.3

11166.0 ± 1240.33

4000 - 10,000 mm³

Blood Sugar level

RBS mg/dl

117 ± 45.24

105 ± 45.8

70 - 160 mg/dl

FBS mg/dl

106.89 ± 50.41

112.33 ± 62.06

70 - 110 mg/dl

PPS mg/dl

146.58 ± 58.24

154.66 ± 77.82

110 - 160 mg/dl

T.Protein g/dl

6.37 ± 0.63

7.16 ± 0.35

6.0 - 8.0 g/dl

S.Albumin g/dl

4.09 ± 0.40

4.4 ± 0.43

3.5 - 5.5 g/dl

S.Urea mg/dl

37.72 ± 2.03

47.66 ± 10.74

10 - 45 mg/dl

S.Creatinine mg/dl

1.22 ± 0.08

0.9 ± 0.28

< 1.5 mg/dl

S.Bilirubin mg/dl

0.82 ± 0.01

0.86 ± 0.14

Upto 1.0 mg/dl

S.Sodium m/Eq/L

130.95 ± 46.55

130.66 ± 5.77

135 - 145 m/Eq/L

S.Potassium m/Eq/L

4.44 ± 4.59

4.76 ± 0.75

3.5 - 5.0 m/Eq/L

S.Calcium mg/dl

3.31 ± 1.62

3.4 ± 1.97

8.5 - 10.5 mg/Dl