J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 1, Number 1, April 2009, pages 17-23

Self-reported Hypertension on a Caribbean Island

**Table 1.** WHO Classification of Hypertension
Blood Pressure	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3
Adapted from: World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension [2].
Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)	140-159	160-179	≥ 180
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)	90-99	100-109	≥ 110

Table 1. WHO Classification of Hypertension

Blood Pressure

Grade 1

Grade 2

Grade 3

Adapted from: World Health Organization, International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) statement on management of hypertension [2].

Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

140-159

160-179

≥ 180

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

90-99

100-109

≥ 110

**Table 2.** Mean weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio for men and women, Bonaire, 1999
	Sex	Age categories
Source: Grievink L, Fuchs G, O'Niel J, van Sonderen E, Gerstenbluth I, Alberts JF. The Bonaire health study; methodology and main results. Curaçao: Foundation for Promotion of International Cooperation & Research in Healthcare, ISOG; 2002. P. 77.
Weight (kg)	78.5	72.2	72.2	76.1	75.9	3.1
Height (m)	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
BMI (kg/m²)	26.0	27.6	25.4	26.9	27.1	26.8
Waist-Hip ratio	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9

Table 2. Mean weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio for men and women, Bonaire, 1999

Sex

Age categories

Men

Women

18-24

25-44

45-64

65+

Source: Grievink L, Fuchs G, O'Niel J, van Sonderen E, Gerstenbluth I, Alberts JF. The Bonaire health study; methodology and main results. Curaçao: Foundation for Promotion of International Cooperation & Research in Healthcare, ISOG; 2002. P. 77.

Weight (kg)

78.5

72.2

76.1

75.9

3.1

Height (m)

1.7

1.6

1.7

BMI (kg/m²)

26.0

27.6

25.4

26.9

27.1

26.8

Waist-Hip ratio

0.9

0.8

0.9

**Table 3.** Means for Select Respondent Characteristics
	Sex	Age categories
Blood Pressure Measured in Previous 12 Months
No (n=104)	30.60%	40.10%	13.60%	24.50%	25.90%	6.80%
Yes (n=43)	12.90%	16.30%	1.40%	6.80%	15.00%	6.10%
Parental History of Hypertension
Mother (n=29)	7.50%	12.20%	3.40%	6.10%	8.80%	1.40%
Father (n=26)	4.80%	12.90%	6.10%	5.40%	5.40%	0.70%
Smoking Habits
No (n=104)	29.30%	48.30%	10.90%	21.10%	33.30%	12.20%
Yes (n=43)	14.30%	8.20%	4.10%	10.20%	7.50%	0.70%
Alcohol Consumption
Regular Drinkers (n=30)	56.30%	52.20%	7.30%	25.50%	21.80%	0.00%
Occasional Drinkers (n=25)	43.80%	47.80%	5.50%	16.40%	23.60%	0.00%
Physical Activity
No (n=76)	19.00%	32.70%	8.80%	15.60%	20.40%	6.80%
Yes (n=71)	24.50%	23.80%	6.10%	15.60%	20.40%	6.10%
Salt Usage
No (n=72)	21.10%	27.90%	6.80%	13.70%	21.20%	7.50%
Yes (n=74)	22.40%	27.90%	7.50%	17.80%	19.90%	5.50%

Table 3. Means for Select Respondent Characteristics

Sex

Age categories

Male

Female

18-24

25-44

45-64

65+

Blood Pressure Measured in Previous 12 Months

No (n=104)

30.60%

40.10%

13.60%

24.50%

25.90%

6.80%

Yes (n=43)

12.90%

16.30%

1.40%

6.80%

15.00%

6.10%

Parental History of Hypertension

Mother (n=29)

7.50%

12.20%

3.40%

6.10%

8.80%

1.40%

Father (n=26)

4.80%

12.90%

6.10%

5.40%

0.70%

Smoking Habits

No (n=104)

29.30%

48.30%

10.90%

21.10%

33.30%

12.20%

Yes (n=43)

14.30%

8.20%

4.10%

10.20%

7.50%

0.70%

Alcohol Consumption

Regular Drinkers (n=30)

56.30%

52.20%

7.30%

25.50%

21.80%

0.00%

Occasional Drinkers (n=25)

43.80%

47.80%

5.50%

16.40%

23.60%

0.00%

Physical Activity

No (n=76)

19.00%

32.70%

8.80%

15.60%

20.40%

6.80%

Yes (n=71)

24.50%

23.80%

6.10%

15.60%

20.40%

6.10%

Salt Usage

No (n=72)

21.10%

27.90%

6.80%

13.70%

21.20%

7.50%

Yes (n=74)

22.40%

27.90%

7.50%

17.80%

19.90%

5.50%

**Table 4.** Mean hypertension ± standard deviation (SD) for selected characteristics
	Systolic	Diastolic
Age	Mean	Mean
18-24	115 ± 12.89	72 ± 10.77
25-44	127 ± 14.86	83 ± 9.96
45-64	137 ± 16.65	85 ± 12.52
65+	138 ± 11.34	82 ± 9.35
Sex
Male	136 ± 15.47	84 ± 12.13
Females	127 ± 17.33	80 ± 11.52
High Blood Pressure
Yes	143 ± 17.05	89 ± 12.22
No	125 ± 14.11	79 ± 10.55
Mother Hypertension
Yes	132 ± 20.73	84 ± 14.02
No	130 ± 16.10	81 ± 11.39
Father Hypertension
Yes	129 ± 17.53	85 ± 12.50
No	131 ± 15.65	81 ± 11.01
Smokes
Yes	132 ± 16.33	81 ± 11.53
No	130 ± 14.88	82 ± 10.80
Drinks
Yes	132 ± 16.84	83 ± 12.52
No	130 ± 14.21	81 ± 10.78
<1 Drink a Week
Yes	131 ± 15.63	84 ± 10.89
No	132 ± 15.00	83 ± 11.89
N/A	129 ± 18.04	81 ± 12.23
>1 Drink a Week
Yes	132 ± 14.52	83 ± 11.55
No	130 ± 14.91	83 ± 9.86
N/A	129 ± 18.24	81 ± 12.49
Uses Salt
Yes	127 ± 15.63	80 ± 11.04
No	133 ± 18.06	84 ± 12.55
Exercises
Yes	131 ± 15.47	82 ± 11.03
No	130 ± 18.46	81 ± 12.78

Table 4. Mean hypertension ± standard deviation (SD) for selected characteristics

Systolic

Diastolic

Age

Mean

18-24

115 ± 12.89

72 ± 10.77

25-44

127 ± 14.86

83 ± 9.96

45-64

137 ± 16.65

85 ± 12.52

65+

138 ± 11.34

82 ± 9.35

Sex

Male

136 ± 15.47

84 ± 12.13

Females

127 ± 17.33

80 ± 11.52

High Blood Pressure

Yes

143 ± 17.05

89 ± 12.22

125 ± 14.11

79 ± 10.55

Mother Hypertension

Yes

132 ± 20.73

84 ± 14.02

130 ± 16.10

81 ± 11.39

Father Hypertension

Yes

129 ± 17.53

85 ± 12.50

131 ± 15.65

81 ± 11.01

Smokes

Yes

132 ± 16.33

81 ± 11.53

130 ± 14.88

82 ± 10.80

Drinks

Yes

132 ± 16.84

83 ± 12.52

130 ± 14.21

81 ± 10.78

<1 Drink a Week

Yes

131 ± 15.63

84 ± 10.89

132 ± 15.00

83 ± 11.89

N/A

129 ± 18.04

81 ± 12.23

>1 Drink a Week

Yes

132 ± 14.52

83 ± 11.55

130 ± 14.91

83 ± 9.86

N/A

129 ± 18.24

81 ± 12.49

Uses Salt

Yes

127 ± 15.63

80 ± 11.04

133 ± 18.06

84 ± 12.55

Exercises

Yes

131 ± 15.47

82 ± 11.03

130 ± 18.46

81 ± 12.78