J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 6, Number 4, August 2014, pages 278-286

Prevalence of Elevated Glycated Hemoglobin Concentrations in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Anthropometrical and Metabolic Relationship in Amazonian Women

**Table 1.** Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Brazilian Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients
Parameters	N (288)	%
*One or more clinical feature per patient.
Age (years)
14 - 19	28	9.72
20 - 24	64	22.22
25 -29	100	34.72
30 - 34	76	26.38
35 - 39	17	5.90
≥ 40	3	1.04
Social habits
Etilism	81	28.12
Smoking	18	6.25
None	189	65.62
Physical activity
Walking	41	14.23
Biking	1	0.34
Other	4	1.39
None	230	79.87
Not recorded	12	4.17
Clinical features
Infertility	148	51.38
Amenorrhea	57	19.79
Oligomenorrhea	166	57.63
Polymenorrhea	16	5.55
Acne	126	43.75
Hirsutism	149	51.73
Acanthosis nigricans	67	23.26
Striaes	17	5.90
Ultrasound features
Normal ovary	56	19.44
Polycystic ovary	232	80.56

Table 1. Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Brazilian Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

Parameters

N (288)

*One or more clinical feature per patient.

Age (years)

14 - 19

9.72

20 - 24

22.22

25 -29

100

34.72

30 - 34

26.38

35 - 39

5.90

≥ 40

1.04

Social habits

Etilism

28.12

Smoking

6.25

None

189

65.62

Physical activity

Walking

14.23

Biking

0.34

Other

1.39

None

230

79.87

Not recorded

4.17

Clinical features

Infertility

148

51.38

Amenorrhea

19.79

Oligomenorrhea

166

57.63

Polymenorrhea

5.55

Acne

126

43.75

Hirsutism

149

51.73

Acanthosis nigricans

23.26

Striaes

5.90

Ultrasound features

Normal ovary

19.44

Polycystic ovary

232

80.56

**Table 2.** Distribution of Normal and Abnormal Anthropometrical Characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients
Variable	n/N	%	Test Z	P*
*P, two-tailed Z proportion test.
BMI (kg/m²)
< 30	147/264	56.68
≥ 30	117/264	44.32	2.611	0.009
Fat mass (%)
< 32	146/265	55.10
> 32	119/265	44.90	2.345	0.018
Waist (cm)
< 88	129/254	50.79
≥ 88	125/254	49.21	0.354	0.726
W:H ratio
< 0.80	191/252	75.80
≥ 0.80	61/252	24.20	11.581	0.000
Conicity index
< 1.25	112/150	74.67
≥ 1.25	38/150	25.33	8.544	0.000

Table 2. Distribution of Normal and Abnormal Anthropometrical Characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

Variable

n/N

Test Z

*P, two-tailed Z proportion test.

BMI (kg/m²)

< 30

147/264

56.68

≥ 30

117/264

44.32

2.611

0.009

Fat mass (%)

< 32

146/265

55.10

> 32

119/265

44.90

2.345

0.018

Waist (cm)

< 88

129/254

50.79

≥ 88

125/254

49.21

0.354

0.726

W:H ratio

< 0.80

191/252

75.80

≥ 0.80

61/252

24.20

11.581

0.000

Conicity index

< 1.25

112/150

74.67

≥ 1.25

38/150

25.33

8.544

0.000

**Table 3.** Analysis of the Association of Glycated Hemoglobin Concentrations With Other Carbohydrate Metabolism Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Variable	HbA1c	Total (n)	PR* (95% CI)	P**
PR: prevalence ratio. *P, two-tailed Z proportion test.
Fasting glucose (nmol/L)
≥ 5.55	35	13	48
< 5.55	76	158	234	2.24 (1.68 - 2.76)	0
Total	111	171	282
Fasting insulin (nmol/L)
≥ 85	69	73	142
< 85	37	86	123	1.61 (1.16 - 2.27)	0.003
Total	106	159	265
Pep-C (nmol/L)
≥ 1.17	26	17	43
< 1.17	60	112	172	1.73 (1.19 - 2.32)	0.003
Total	86	129	215
HOMA-IR
≥ 2.8	31	26	57
< 2.8	75	127	202	1.46 (1.04 - 1.95)	0.022
Total	106	153	259
HOMA % β
≥ 155	41	52	93
< 155	65	101	166	1.12 (0.81 - 1.53)	0.510
Total	106	153	259

Table 3. Analysis of the Association of Glycated Hemoglobin Concentrations With Other Carbohydrate Metabolism Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Variable

HbA1c

Total (n)

PR* (95% CI)

P**

≥ 5.7 (n)

< 5.7 (n)

*PR: prevalence ratio. **P, two-tailed Z proportion test.

Fasting glucose (nmol/L)

≥ 5.55

< 5.55

158

234

2.24 (1.68 - 2.76)

Total

111

171

282

Fasting insulin (nmol/L)

≥ 85

142

< 85

123

1.61 (1.16 - 2.27)

0.003

Total

106

159

265

Pep-C (nmol/L)

≥ 1.17

< 1.17

112

172

1.73 (1.19 - 2.32)

0.003

Total

129

215

HOMA-IR

≥ 2.8

< 2.8

127

202

1.46 (1.04 - 1.95)

0.022

Total

106

153

259

HOMA % β

≥ 155

< 155

101

166

1.12 (0.81 - 1.53)

0.510

Total

106

153

259

**Table 4.** Stratified Analysis of Glycated Hemoglobin Status According to Age and Body Mass Index in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Age (years)	BMI ≥ 30 (n)	BMI < 30 (n)	Total (n)	χ²_mh	P
χ²_mh: Mantel-Haenszel qui-square.
HbA1c < 5.7%
< 30	18	31	49
≥ 30	35	78	113	0.512	0.474
Total	53	109	162
HbA1c ≥ 5.7%
< 30	31	10	41
≥ 30	33	28	61	4.806	0.028
Total	64	38	102
Total
< 30	49	41	90
≥ 30	68	106	174	5.653	0.017
Total	117	147	264

Table 4. Stratified Analysis of Glycated Hemoglobin Status According to Age and Body Mass Index in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Age (years)

BMI ≥ 30 (n)

BMI < 30 (n)

Total (n)

χ²_mh

χ²_mh: Mantel-Haenszel qui-square.

HbA1c < 5.7%

< 30

≥ 30

113

0.512

0.474

Total

109

162

HbA1c ≥ 5.7%

< 30

≥ 30

4.806

0.028

Total

102

Total

< 30

≥ 30

106

174

5.653

0.017

Total

117

147

264