J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 5, October 2013, pages 395-400

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Recurrent Wheezing Episodes

**Table 1.** Demographic Characteristics of Patients
	n	%
Gender
female	195	39.0
male	305	61.0
Gestational week
< 37 week	168	33.6
≥ 37 - 42 week	332	66.4
Birth weight
< 2,500 g	196	39.2
≥ 2,500 g	304	60.8
Duration of breastfeeding
≥ 6 months	298	59.6
< 6 months	202	40.4
Congenital Heart Disease
absent	231	46.2
present	269	53.8
Immune deficiency
absent	500	100.0
present	0	0.0
Family History of Atopy, Asthma
absent	432	86.4
present	68	13.6
Exposute to Cigarette Smoking
absent	267	53.4
present	233	46.6
Pets at Home
absent	449	89.8
present	51	10.2
House Warming Mode
stove	325	65.0
central heating	175	35.0

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Patients

Gender

female

195

39.0

male

305

61.0

Gestational week

< 37 week

168

33.6

≥ 37 - 42 week

332

66.4

Birth weight

< 2,500 g

196

39.2

≥ 2,500 g

304

60.8

Duration of breastfeeding

≥ 6 months

298

59.6

< 6 months

202

40.4

Congenital Heart Disease

absent

231

46.2

present

269

53.8

Immune deficiency

absent

500

100.0

present

0.0

Family History of Atopy, Asthma

absent

432

86.4

present

13.6

Exposute to Cigarette Smoking

absent

267

53.4

present

233

46.6

Pets at Home

absent

449

89.8

present

10.2

House Warming Mode

stove

325

65.0

central heating

175

35.0

**Table 2.** Evaluation of the Number of Wheezing Episodes Based on Risk Factors
Risk factors	Number of Wheezing Episodes
Gender
female	3.61	2.27	0.0001
male	6.11	2.94
Gestational week
< 37 week	7.48	1.73	0.0001
≥ 37 - 42 week	3.95	2.74
Birth Weight
< 2,500 g	6.96	2.17	0.0001
≥ 2,500 g	3.95	2.80
Duration of breastfeeding
≥ 6 months	3.75	2.80	0.0001
< 6 months	7.18	1.76
Congenital Heart Disease
absent	2.99	2.65	0.0001
present	6.98	1.69
Family History of Atopy, Asthma
absent	5.03	2.92	0.320
present	5.76	3.15
Exposute to Cigarette Smoking
absent	4.06	2.49	0.0001
present	6.36	2.98
Pets at Home
absent	5.50	2.87	0.0001
present	1.94	1.49
House Warming Mode
stove	6.42	2.43	0.0001
central heating	2.74	2.28

Table 2. Evaluation of the Number of Wheezing Episodes Based on Risk Factors

Risk factors

Number of Wheezing Episodes

Mean

P-value

Gender

female

3.61

2.27

0.0001

male

6.11

2.94

Gestational week

< 37 week

7.48

1.73

0.0001

≥ 37 - 42 week

3.95

2.74

Birth Weight

< 2,500 g

6.96

2.17

0.0001

≥ 2,500 g

3.95

2.80

Duration of breastfeeding

≥ 6 months

3.75

2.80

0.0001

< 6 months

7.18

1.76

Congenital Heart Disease

absent

2.99

2.65

0.0001

present

6.98

1.69

Family History of Atopy, Asthma

absent

5.03

2.92

0.320

present

5.76

3.15

Exposute to Cigarette Smoking

absent

4.06

2.49

0.0001

present

6.36

2.98

Pets at Home

absent

5.50

2.87

0.0001

present

1.94

1.49

House Warming Mode

stove

6.42

2.43

0.0001

central heating

2.74

2.28

**Table 3.** Comparison of Patients With One, Two and ≥ Three Wheezing Episodes Based on Risk Factors
	Single Attack	2 Attacks	≥ 3 Attacks	Chi-square	P-value
Gender
female (n: 195)	71	36.4	5	2.6	119	61.0	40.8	0.0001
male (n: 305)	39	12.8	22	7.2	244	80.0
Gestational week
< 37 week	4	2.4	2	1.2	162	96.4	72.3	0.0001
38 - 42 week	106	31.9	25	7.5	201	60.5
Birth weight
< 2,500 g	11	5.6	2	1.0	183	93.4	69.9	0.0001
≥ 2,500 g	99	32.6	25	8.2	180	59.2
Duration of breastfeeding
≥ 6 months	105	35.2	26	8.7	167	56.0	101.6	0.0001
< 6 months	5	2.5	1	0.5	196	97.0
Congenital Heart Disease
absent	103	44.6	25	10.8	103	44.6	169.3	0.0001
present	7	2.6	2	0.7	260	96.7
Family History of Atopy, Asthma
absent	109	25.2	12	2.8	311	72.0	55.6	0.0001
present	1	1.5	15	22.1	52	76.5
Exposute to Cigarette Smoking
absent	83	31.1	12	4.5	172	64.4	27.6	0.0001
present	27	11.6	15	6.4	191	82.0
Pets at Home
absent	82	18.3	12	2.7	355	79.1	113.9	0.0001
present	28	54.9	15	29.4	8	15.7
House Warming Mode
stove	23	7.1	1	0.3	301	92.6	189.8	0.0001
central heating	87	49.7	26	14.9	62	35.4

Table 3. Comparison of Patients With One, Two and ≥ Three Wheezing Episodes Based on Risk Factors

Single Attack

2 Attacks

≥ 3 Attacks

Chi-square

P-value

Gender

female (n: 195)

36.4

2.6

119

61.0

40.8

0.0001

male (n: 305)

12.8

7.2

244

80.0

Gestational week

< 37 week

2.4

1.2

162

96.4

72.3

0.0001

38 - 42 week

106

31.9

7.5

201

60.5

Birth weight

< 2,500 g

5.6

1.0

183

93.4

69.9

0.0001

≥ 2,500 g

32.6

8.2

180

59.2

Duration of breastfeeding

≥ 6 months

105

35.2

8.7

167

56.0

101.6

0.0001

< 6 months

2.5

0.5

196

97.0

Congenital Heart Disease

absent

103

44.6

10.8

103

44.6

169.3

0.0001

present

2.6

0.7

260

96.7

Family History of Atopy, Asthma

absent

109

25.2

2.8

311

72.0

55.6

0.0001

present

1.5

22.1

76.5

Exposute to Cigarette Smoking

absent

31.1

4.5

172

64.4

27.6

0.0001

present

11.6

6.4

191

82.0

Pets at Home

absent

18.3

2.7

355

79.1

113.9

0.0001

present

54.9

29.4

15.7

House Warming Mode

stove

7.1

0.3

301

92.6

189.8

0.0001

central heating

49.7

14.9

35.4