J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 4, Number 6, December 2012, pages 393-401

Do Trained Practice Nurses Apply Motivational Interviewing Techniques in Primary Care Consultations?/b>

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of the Patients in Both Groups
	Primary prevention n = 39	Secondary prevention n = 78	P-value
^* Significant difference between primary prevention and secondary prevention, χ² test, (P < 0.05).
Mean age in years (SD; range)	64.2 (12.1; range: 38.0 - 84.6)	64.5 (11.9; range: 29.4 - 86.2)	0.90
Men (%)	43.6	47.4	0.69
Educational level (%)
low	22.2	36.5	0.16
middle	69.4	50.0
high	8.3	13.5
Married/living together (%)	83.3	71.4	0.17
Dutch ethnicity (%)	89.7	84.2	0.42
Smoking; daily/now and then (%)	26.3	28.4	0.82
Alcohol use; daily/now and then (%)	76.3^*	52.7^*	0.02
Meets recommended physical exercise (%)	61.1	56.2	0.62

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Patients in Both Groups

Primary prevention n = 39

Secondary prevention n = 78

P-value

^* Significant difference between primary prevention and secondary prevention, χ² test, (P < 0.05).

Mean age in years (SD; range)

64.2 (12.1; range: 38.0 - 84.6)

64.5 (11.9; range: 29.4 - 86.2)

0.90

Men (%)

43.6

47.4

0.69

Educational level (%)

low

22.2

36.5

0.16

middle

69.4

50.0

high

8.3

13.5

Married/living together (%)

83.3

71.4

0.17

Dutch ethnicity (%)

89.7

84.2

0.42

Smoking; daily/now and then (%)

26.3

28.4

0.82

Alcohol use; daily/now and then (%)

76.3^*

52.7^*

0.02

Meets recommended physical exercise (%)

61.1

56.2

0.62

**Table 2.** Mean and Standard Deviation BECCI-Domains, BECCI Mean Sum Score, Consultation Length and Speaking Time (%) in Both Groups
	Primary and secondary prevention	Primary prevention	Secondary prevention	P-value^*
Scale of the domains: 0 = Not at all, 1 = Minimally, 2 = To some extent, 3 = A good deal, 4 = A great extent. ^*No significant difference between primary prevention and secondary prevention, T test, (P < 0.05).
Domain 1 Agenda setting and permission seeking	2.2 (0.63)	2.2 (0.55)	2.2 (0.67)	0.80
Item 1 Practitioner invites the patient to talk about behavior change.	1.5 (0.91)	1.5 (0.82)	1.6 (0.95)	0.83
Item 2 Practitioner demonstrates sensitivity to talking about other issues.	2.8 (0.57)	2.8 (0.52)	2.8 (0.60)	0.82
Domain 2 The why and how of change in behavior	1.7 (0.65)	1.7 (0.54)	1.6 (0.70)	0.86
Item 3 Practitioner encourages the patient to talk about current behavior or status quo.	2.8 (0.62)	2.8 (0.51)	2.7 (0.67)	0.53
Item 4 Practitioner encourages the patient to talk about behavior change.	1.8 (1.10)	2.0 (1.09)	1.7 (1.10)	0.15
Item 5 Practitioner asks questions to elicit how the patient thinks and feels about the topic.	1.6 (1.10)	1.6 (1.09)	1.6 (1.11)	0.81
Item 6 Practitioner uses empathic statements when the patient talks about the topic.	0.8 (1.07)	0.7 (0.93)	0.9 (1.13)	0.50
Item 7 Practitioner uses summaries to bring together what the patient says about the topic.	1.3 (1.00)	1.2 (0.79)	1.4 (1.09)	0.36
Domain 3 The whole consultation	2.0 (0.73)	2.1 (0.69)	2.0 (0.75)	0.34
Item 8 Practitioner acknowledges challenges about behavior change that the patient faces.	0.9 (1.11)	0.9 (1.07)	0.8 (1.14)	0.62
Item 9 When practitioner provides information, it is sensitive to the patient concerns and understanding.	3.1 (0.81)	3.2 (0.70)	3.1 (0.87)	0.64
Item 10 Practitioner actively conveys respect for the patient choice about behavior change.	2.1 (0.86)	2.3 (0.86)	2.0 (0.85)	0.19
Domain 4: Talk about targets	1.9 (0.81)	2.0 (0.82)	1.9 (0.80)	0.38
Item 11 Practitioner and the patient exchange ideas about how the patient could change current behavior.	1.9 (0.81)	2.0 (0.82)	1.9 (0.80)	0.38
BECCI mean sum score	1.9 (0.60)	2.0 (0.52)	1.9 (0.63)	0.57
Consultation length (minutes)	22.1 (10.02)	21.0 (9.25)	22.5 (10.40)	0.41
Consultations with PN speaking time half of the time or less (%)	82.0	84.6	80.8	0.61

Table 2. Mean and Standard Deviation BECCI-Domains, BECCI Mean Sum Score, Consultation Length and Speaking Time (%) in Both Groups

Primary and secondary prevention

Primary prevention

Secondary prevention

P-value^*

n = 117, Mean (SD)

n = 39, Mean (SD)

n = 78, Mean (SD)

Scale of the domains: 0 = Not at all, 1 = Minimally, 2 = To some extent, 3 = A good deal, 4 = A great extent. ^*No significant difference between primary prevention and secondary prevention, T test, (P < 0.05).

Domain 1 Agenda setting and permission seeking

2.2 (0.63)

2.2 (0.55)

2.2 (0.67)

0.80

Item 1 Practitioner invites the patient to talk about behavior change.

1.5 (0.91)

1.5 (0.82)

1.6 (0.95)

0.83

Item 2 Practitioner demonstrates sensitivity to talking about other issues.

2.8 (0.57)

2.8 (0.52)

2.8 (0.60)

0.82

Domain 2 The why and how of change in behavior

1.7 (0.65)

1.7 (0.54)

1.6 (0.70)

0.86

Item 3 Practitioner encourages the patient to talk about current behavior or status quo.

2.8 (0.62)

2.8 (0.51)

2.7 (0.67)

0.53

Item 4 Practitioner encourages the patient to talk about behavior change.

1.8 (1.10)

2.0 (1.09)

1.7 (1.10)

0.15

Item 5 Practitioner asks questions to elicit how the patient thinks and feels about the topic.

1.6 (1.10)

1.6 (1.09)

1.6 (1.11)

0.81

Item 6 Practitioner uses empathic statements when the patient talks about the topic.

0.8 (1.07)

0.7 (0.93)

0.9 (1.13)

0.50

Item 7 Practitioner uses summaries to bring together what the patient says about the topic.

1.3 (1.00)

1.2 (0.79)

1.4 (1.09)

0.36

Domain 3 The whole consultation

2.0 (0.73)

2.1 (0.69)

2.0 (0.75)

0.34

Item 8 Practitioner acknowledges challenges about behavior change that the patient faces.

0.9 (1.11)

0.9 (1.07)

0.8 (1.14)

0.62

Item 9 When practitioner provides information, it is sensitive to the patient concerns and understanding.

3.1 (0.81)

3.2 (0.70)

3.1 (0.87)

0.64

Item 10 Practitioner actively conveys respect for the patient choice about behavior change.

2.1 (0.86)

2.3 (0.86)

2.0 (0.85)

0.19

Domain 4: Talk about targets

1.9 (0.81)

2.0 (0.82)

1.9 (0.80)

0.38

Item 11 Practitioner and the patient exchange ideas about how the patient could change current behavior.

1.9 (0.81)

2.0 (0.82)

1.9 (0.80)

0.38

BECCI mean sum score

1.9 (0.60)

2.0 (0.52)

1.9 (0.63)

0.57

Consultation length (minutes)

22.1 (10.02)

21.0 (9.25)

22.5 (10.40)

0.41

Consultations with PN speaking time half of the time or less (%)

82.0

84.6

80.8

0.61

**Table 3.** Regression Coefficients of the Type of Prevention Consultation on the Various Domains, the BECCI Mean Sum Score and Consultation Length
	Model 1: regression coefficient (95%CI)	Model 2 (demographic characteristics): regression coefficient (95%CI)	Model 3 (demographic characteristics + risk factors): regression coefficient (95%CI)
17 cases were excluded due to missing data.
Domain 1 Agenda setting and permission seeking	0.11 (-0.26 - 0.29)	0.08 (-0.26 - 0.28)	0.11 (-0.26 - 0.29)
Domain 2 The why and how of change in behavior	0.02 (-0.28 - 0.28)	-0.03 (-0.28 - 0.27)	0.02 (-0.28 - 0.28)
Domain 3 The whole consultation	-0.12 (-0.33 - 0.30)	-0.16 (-0.32 - 0.27)	-0.08 (-0.30 - 0.27)
Domain 4 Talk about targets	-0.18 (-0.37 - 0.31)	-0.23 (-0.36 - 0.28)	-0.18 (-0.36 - 0.30)
BECCI mean sum score	-0.05 (-0.26 - 0.25)	-0.09 (-0.25 - 0.23)	-0.04 (-0.25 - 0.24)
Consultation length	0.71 (-2.51 - 5.38)	0.33 (-3.34 - 4.69)	1.04 (-1.95 - 6.30)

Table 3. Regression Coefficients of the Type of Prevention Consultation on the Various Domains, the BECCI Mean Sum Score and Consultation Length

Model 1: regression coefficient (95%CI)

Model 2 (demographic characteristics): regression coefficient (95%CI)

Model 3 (demographic characteristics + risk factors): regression coefficient (95%CI)

17 cases were excluded due to missing data.

Domain 1 Agenda setting and permission seeking

0.11 (-0.26 - 0.29)

0.08 (-0.26 - 0.28)

0.11 (-0.26 - 0.29)

Domain 2 The why and how of change in behavior

0.02 (-0.28 - 0.28)

-0.03 (-0.28 - 0.27)

0.02 (-0.28 - 0.28)

Domain 3 The whole consultation

-0.12 (-0.33 - 0.30)

-0.16 (-0.32 - 0.27)

-0.08 (-0.30 - 0.27)

Domain 4 Talk about targets

-0.18 (-0.37 - 0.31)

-0.23 (-0.36 - 0.28)

-0.18 (-0.36 - 0.30)

BECCI mean sum score

-0.05 (-0.26 - 0.25)

-0.09 (-0.25 - 0.23)

-0.04 (-0.25 - 0.24)

Consultation length

0.71 (-2.51 - 5.38)

0.33 (-3.34 - 4.69)

1.04 (-1.95 - 6.30)