| Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website http://www.jocmr.org |
Review
Volume 8, Number 4, April 2016, pages 284-296
Signaling Pathways in Thyroid Cancer and Their Therapeutic Implications
Table
| Drug | Targets | Cancer type | Phase of clinical trials | FDA approved | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DTC: differentiated thyroid carcinoma; PTC: papillary thyroid cancer; MTC: medullary thyroid carcinoma; ATC: anapestic thyroid carcinoma; BRAF: B sereine/threonin kinase; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor receptor; KIT: stem cell factor receptor; RET: rearranged during transfection; MEK1/2: mitogen-activated protein kinase1/2; FLT3: fms-like tyrosine kinase 3; CSF-1R: colony stimulating factor-1 receptor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; VE-cadherin: vascular endothelial cadherin; -: not FDA approved for thyroid cancer. | |||||
| Vemurafenib | BRAF | DTC | Phase I-II | - | [40] |
| AZD 6244 (ARRY-142886, selumetinib) | MEK1/2 | DTC | Phase I-II | - | [42, 43, 65, 66] |
| Sorafeib (BAY43-9006) | VEGFR1-3, PDGFRβ, KIT, RET, BRAF, CRAF, FLT3 | DTC, MTC, ATC | Phase I-III | DTC | [43-49, 60, 67] |
| Pazopanib | VEGFR1-3, PDGFR, KIT | DTC, ATC | Phase I-II | - | [50, 51, 68, 69] |
| Axitinib (AG-013736) | VEGFR1-3, PDGFRβ, KIT | DTC, MTC, ATC | Phase I-II | - | [52, 70, 71] |
| Sunitinib (Su11248) | VEGFR1-3, PDGFR, KIT, RET, FLT3, CSF-1R | DTC, MTC | Phase I-II | - | [53-57] |
| Motesanib (AMG-706) | VEGFR1-3, PDGFR, KIT, RET | DTC, MTC | Phase I-II | - | [58, 59, 72] |
| Temsirolimus | PI3K/Akt/mTOR | MTC | Phase I | - | [61] |
| Everolimus (RAD001) | PI3K/Akt/mTOR | PTC, MTC | Phase I-II | - | [62, 63, 73] |
| Bortezomib | Proteasome | ? | Phase I-II | - | [64, 74, 75] |
| Gefitinib (ZD1839) | EGFR | DTC, MTC, ATC | Phase I-II | - | [76, 77] |
| Vandetanib (ZD6474) | VEGFR2-3, RET, EGFR | DTC, MTC | Phase I-III | MTC | [78-80] |
| Cabozantinib (XL-184) | VEGFR2, RET, MET, KIT | DTC, MTC | Phase I-III | MTC | [81-83] |
| Cediranib | VEGFR | DTC | Phase I | - | [84] |
| Trametinib (GSK1120212) | MEK1/2 | DTC | Phase I | - | [85] |
| Dabrafenib (GSK2118436) | BRAF | PTC | Phase I-II | - | [86, 87] |
| Lenvatinib (E7080) | VEGFR1-3, PDGFR, KIT, FGFR | DTC, MTC | Phase I-II | - | [88] |
| Imatinib (ST1571) | PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, KIT, RET | MTC, ATC | Phase I-II | - | [89, 90] |
| Combretestatin | Angiogenesis | MTC, ATC | Phase I | - | [91] |
| PLX-4032 (RG7204) | BRAF | DTC | Phase I | - | [92] |
| Fosbretabulin | VE-cadherin | ATC | Phase I-II | - | [93] |