J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 8, Number 3, March 2016, pages 202-209

Temperament and Character Profiles and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients With Coronary Artery or Valvular Heart Disease: Relationship With Cardiac Disease Severity

**Table 1.** Description of the Sample
	VHD (N = 50)	CAD (N = 50)	Healthy controls (N = 50)	Analysis
Bonferroni correction was applied for the post hoc analysis. For EF, VHD = CAD < HC.
Age (mean ± SD)	50.9 ± 5.9	50.6 ± 6	51 ± 6	0.043	0.958
Gender (F/M)	38/12	38/12	38/12	0	NS
Years of education (mean ± SD)	8.4 ± 3.7	10.3 ± 4.6	10.4 ± 5.1	2.852	0.007
Marital status (married)	50	49	50	0.029	0 .996
Employed (%)	52	52	52	0	NS
History of psychiatric disorder (%)	-	-	-
Familial history of psychiatric disorder (%)	18	4	6	6.775	0.034
DM (%)	4	12	4	429	0.180
HT (%)	12	14	2	4.884	0.048
Familial history of cardiac disorder (%)	28	50	30	6.424	0.040
Smoking (%)	32	44	38	7.116	0.310
Alcohol (%)	-	4	-
Ejection fraction (%) (mean ± SD)	59.1 ± 9.8	55.8 ± 9.9	65 ± 1	16.374	< 0.001

Table 1. Description of the Sample

VHD (N = 50)

CAD (N = 50)

Healthy controls (N = 50)

Analysis

χ²/F

Bonferroni correction was applied for the post hoc analysis. For EF, VHD = CAD < HC.

Age (mean ± SD)

50.9 ± 5.9

50.6 ± 6

51 ± 6

0.043

0.958

Gender (F/M)

38/12

Years of education (mean ± SD)

8.4 ± 3.7

10.3 ± 4.6

10.4 ± 5.1

2.852

0.007

Marital status (married)

0.029

0 .996

Employed (%)

History of psychiatric disorder (%)

Familial history of psychiatric disorder (%)

6.775

0.034

DM (%)

429

0.180

HT (%)

4.884

0.048

Familial history of cardiac disorder (%)

6.424

0.040

Smoking (%)

7.116

0.310

Alcohol (%)

Ejection fraction (%) (mean ± SD)

59.1 ± 9.8

55.8 ± 9.9

65 ± 1

16.374

< 0.001

**Table 2.** Comparison of TCI and SCL-90-R Dimensions Between Patients With Valvular Heart Disease, Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, and Healthy Individuals
	VHD (N = 50)	CAD (N = 50)	Healthy controls (N = 50)	Analysis
TCI
Novelty seeking	9.1 ± 3	8.3 ± 2.7	7.8 ± 2.9	2.543	0.082
Harm avoidance	9.9 ± 3.4	7.5 ± 3.6	7.3 ± 3.9	7.962	0.001
Reward dependence	9.2 ± 1.8	9.1 ± 1.7	7.9 ± 2.8	5.041	0.008
Persistence	3.4 ± 1.3	3.6 ± 1.2	3.2 ± 1.7	1.099	0.336
Self-directedness	10.5 ± 2.3	10.8 ± 2	10.2 ± 1.9	1.128	0.327
Cooperativeness	14.3 ± 3.2	15.2 ± 2.2	14.2 ± 3.4	1.924	0.15
Self-transcendence	17.6 ± 5.7	16.9 ± 5.1	15.4 ± 6	2.05	0.132
SCL-90-R
Somatization	13.9 ± 7.2	13.5 ± 7.4	7.6 ± 5.5	13.38	< 0.001
Anxiety	8.3 ± 5.2	7.6 ± 5	4.5 ± 3	12.48	< 0.001
Obsession	9.8 ± 6.3	9 ± 5.3	6.2 ± 4	6.549	0.002
Phobia	3.2 ± 2.7	2.2 ± 2.8	1.7 ± 1.7	4.72	0.01
Interpersonal sensitivity	7.7 ± 4.1	6.7 ± 4.5	4.9 ± 3.5	5.98	0.003
Depression	14.6 ± 7.9	13.6 ± 7	7.3 ± 5.5	16.7	< 0.001
Anger	4.4 ± 3	3.8 ± 2.6	2.3 ± 1.7	9.6	< 0.001
Paranoia	6.6 ± 4.1	4.7 ± 2.9	3.8 ± 2.9	9.3	< 0.001
Positive symptom total	82.3 ± 38.5	72.5 ± 34.7	43.2 ± 24.1	18.9	< 0.001
Global severity index	3.5 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.4	6.84	< 0.001

Table 2. Comparison of TCI and SCL-90-R Dimensions Between Patients With Valvular Heart Disease, Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, and Healthy Individuals

VHD (N = 50)

CAD (N = 50)

Healthy controls (N = 50)

Analysis

TCI

Novelty seeking

9.1 ± 3

8.3 ± 2.7

7.8 ± 2.9

2.543

0.082

Harm avoidance

9.9 ± 3.4

7.5 ± 3.6

7.3 ± 3.9

7.962

0.001

Reward dependence

9.2 ± 1.8

9.1 ± 1.7

7.9 ± 2.8

5.041

0.008

Persistence

3.4 ± 1.3

3.6 ± 1.2

3.2 ± 1.7

1.099

0.336

Self-directedness

10.5 ± 2.3

10.8 ± 2

10.2 ± 1.9

1.128

0.327

Cooperativeness

14.3 ± 3.2

15.2 ± 2.2

14.2 ± 3.4

1.924

0.15

Self-transcendence

17.6 ± 5.7

16.9 ± 5.1

15.4 ± 6

2.05

0.132

SCL-90-R

Somatization

13.9 ± 7.2

13.5 ± 7.4

7.6 ± 5.5

13.38

< 0.001

Anxiety

8.3 ± 5.2

7.6 ± 5

4.5 ± 3

12.48

< 0.001

Obsession

9.8 ± 6.3

9 ± 5.3

6.2 ± 4

6.549

0.002

Phobia

3.2 ± 2.7

2.2 ± 2.8

1.7 ± 1.7

4.72

0.01

Interpersonal sensitivity

7.7 ± 4.1

6.7 ± 4.5

4.9 ± 3.5

5.98

0.003

Depression

14.6 ± 7.9

13.6 ± 7

7.3 ± 5.5

16.7

< 0.001

Anger

4.4 ± 3

3.8 ± 2.6

2.3 ± 1.7

9.6

< 0.001

Paranoia

6.6 ± 4.1

4.7 ± 2.9

3.8 ± 2.9

9.3

< 0.001

Positive symptom total

82.3 ± 38.5

72.5 ± 34.7

43.2 ± 24.1

18.9

< 0.001

Global severity index

3.5 ± 0.3

2.3 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.4

6.84

< 0.001

**Table 3.** The Correlation of EF and TCI Dimensions in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease, Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, and Healthy Controls
	Valvular heart disease, EF (r, P)	Coronary artery disease, EF (r, P)	Healthy controls, EF (r, P)
r = Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Novelty seeking	0.019, 0.878	0.147, 0.355	0.104, 0.438
Harm avoidance	0.102, 0.455	-0.020, 0.752	0.123, 0.374
Reward dependence	-0.139, 0.314	-0.195, 0.044	-0.088, 0.507
Persistence	-0.276, 0.052	0.098, 0.422	-0.093, 0.491
Self-directedness	0.195, 0.282	0.165, 0.267	0.179, 0.186
Cooperativeness	0.162, 0.305	0.151, 0.321	0.167, 0.335
Self-transcendence	0.021, 0.813	0.042, 0.781	0.151, 0.213

Table 3. The Correlation of EF and TCI Dimensions in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease, Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, and Healthy Controls

Valvular heart disease, EF (r, P)

Coronary artery disease, EF (r, P)

Healthy controls, EF (r, P)

r = Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Novelty seeking

0.019, 0.878

0.147, 0.355

0.104, 0.438

Harm avoidance

0.102, 0.455

-0.020, 0.752

0.123, 0.374

Reward dependence

-0.139, 0.314

-0.195, 0.044

-0.088, 0.507

Persistence

-0.276, 0.052

0.098, 0.422

-0.093, 0.491

Self-directedness

0.195, 0.282

0.165, 0.267

0.179, 0.186

Cooperativeness

0.162, 0.305

0.151, 0.321

0.167, 0.335

Self-transcendence

0.021, 0.813

0.042, 0.781

0.151, 0.213

**Table 4.** The Correlation of EF and SCL-90-R Dimensions in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease, Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, and Healthy Controls
	Valvular heart disease, EF (r, P)	Coronary artery disease, EF (r, P)	Healthy controls, EF (r, P)
Somatization	-0.255, 0.071	0.006, 0.914	0.104, 0.438
Anxiety	-0.248, 0.075	0.144, 0.238	0.223, 0.094
Obsession	0.098, 0.426	0.079, 0.605	-0.121, 0.257
Phobia	-0.360, 0.010	0.120, 0.382	-0.039, 0.731
Interpersonal sensitivity	-0.289, 0.042	0.125, 0.368	0.123, 0.286
Depression	0.112, 0.202	-0.302, 0.033	0.107, 0.435
Anger	-0.183, 0.178	-0.240, 0.054	-0.187, 0.158
Paranoia	-0.649, < 0.001	-0.199, 0.213	-0.164, 0.334

Table 4. The Correlation of EF and SCL-90-R Dimensions in Patients With Valvular Heart Disease, Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, and Healthy Controls

Valvular heart disease, EF (r, P)

Coronary artery disease, EF (r, P)

Healthy controls, EF (r, P)

Somatization

-0.255, 0.071

0.006, 0.914

0.104, 0.438

Anxiety

-0.248, 0.075

0.144, 0.238

0.223, 0.094

Obsession

0.098, 0.426

0.079, 0.605

-0.121, 0.257

Phobia

-0.360, 0.010

0.120, 0.382

-0.039, 0.731

Interpersonal sensitivity

-0.289, 0.042

0.125, 0.368

0.123, 0.286

Depression

0.112, 0.202

-0.302, 0.033

0.107, 0.435

Anger

-0.183, 0.178

-0.240, 0.054

-0.187, 0.158

Paranoia

-0.649, < 0.001

-0.199, 0.213

-0.164, 0.334