J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 8, Number 2, February 2016, pages 90-96

Necrotizing Fasciitis Among Patients With Liver Cirrhosis in Texas, 2001 - 2010: A Population-Based Cohort Study

**Table 1.** Characteristics of NF Hospitalizations With a Diagnosis of Cirrhosis
Group	n = 381
^aGender was masked in 143 hospitalizations. The denominator used to derive female/male percentage for the cohort was based on hospitalizations with available gender designation (n = 238). ^bBased on the Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index. ^cExcluding liver cirrhosis. HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.
Age (years), n, (%)
18 - 64	325 (85.3)
≥ 65	56 (14.7)
Gender, n, (%)^a
Female	89 (37.4)
Male	149 (62.6)
Race/ethnicity, n (%)
Hispanic	168 (44.1)
Black	26 (6.8)
White	162 (42.5)
Other	24 (6.3)
Missing	1 (0.3)
Health insurance, n (%)
Private	112 (29.4)
Medicare	106 (27.8)
Medicaid	65 (17.1)
Uninsured	83 (21.8)
Other	14 (3.7)
Missing	1 (0.3)
Chronic comorbidities, n, (%)^b
Any^c	265 (69.6)
Congestive heart failure	40 (10.5)
Peripheral vascular disease	35 (9.2)
Chronic pulmonary disease	36 (9.4)
Diabetes mellitus	119 (31.2)
Connective tissue disease	4 (1)
Cerebrovascular disease	9 (2.4)
Chronic kidney disease	79 (20.7)
Malignancy	16 (4.2)
HIV infection	5 (1.3)
Deyo-Charlson score
Median (IQR)	3 (1 - 4)
Mean (SD)	3.2 (2.2)
Obesity, n (%)	31 (8.1)
Drug abuse, n (%)	28 (7.3)
Smoking, n (%)	45 (11.8)
Alcohol abuse, n (%)	132 (34.6)

Table 1. Characteristics of NF Hospitalizations With a Diagnosis of Cirrhosis

Group

n = 381

^aGender was masked in 143 hospitalizations. The denominator used to derive female/male percentage for the cohort was based on hospitalizations with available gender designation (n = 238). ^bBased on the Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index. ^cExcluding liver cirrhosis. HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.

Age (years), n, (%)

18 - 64

325 (85.3)

≥ 65

56 (14.7)

Gender, n, (%)^a

Female

89 (37.4)

Male

149 (62.6)

Race/ethnicity, n (%)

Hispanic

168 (44.1)

Black

26 (6.8)

White

162 (42.5)

Other

24 (6.3)

Missing

1 (0.3)

Health insurance, n (%)

Private

112 (29.4)

Medicare

106 (27.8)

Medicaid

65 (17.1)

Uninsured

83 (21.8)

Other

14 (3.7)

Missing

1 (0.3)

Chronic comorbidities, n, (%)^b

Any^c

265 (69.6)

Congestive heart failure

40 (10.5)

Peripheral vascular disease

35 (9.2)

Chronic pulmonary disease

36 (9.4)

Diabetes mellitus

119 (31.2)

Connective tissue disease

4 (1)

Cerebrovascular disease

9 (2.4)

Chronic kidney disease

79 (20.7)

Malignancy

16 (4.2)

HIV infection

5 (1.3)

Deyo-Charlson score

Median (IQR)

3 (1 - 4)

Mean (SD)

3.2 (2.2)

Obesity, n (%)

31 (8.1)

Drug abuse, n (%)

28 (7.3)

Smoking, n (%)

45 (11.8)

Alcohol abuse, n (%)

132 (34.6)

**Table 2.** Changes in the Clinical Characteristics, Resource Utilization, and Outcomes of NF Hospitalizations With a Diagnosis of Cirrhosis
Variable	2001 - 2003 (n = 77)	2008 - 2010 (n = 133)	P
^aHospital charges are adjusted for inflation to 2010 dollars. ^bLeft against medical advice, hospice. IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.
Deyo-Charlson score
Median (IQR)	2 (1 - 3.3)	4 (2 - 5.3)	< 0.0001
Mean (SD)	2.4 (1.5)	3.9 (2.4)
Number of failing organs
Any, n (%)	43 (55.8)	113 (85)	< 0.0001
Median (IQR)	0 (0 - 1.3)	2 (1 - 4)	< 0.0001
≥ 3 organ failures, n (%)	7 (9.1)	53 (39.8)	< 0.0001
Organ failures, n (%)
Respiratory	17 (22.1)	50 (37.6)	0.0299
Cardiovascular	12 (15.6)	53 (39.8)	0.0004
Renal	13 (16.9)	64 (48.1)	< 0.0001
Hepatic	3 (3.9)	25 (18.8)	0.0044
Hematological	22 (28.6)	72 (54.1)	0.0006
Metabolic	5 (6.5)	26 (19.5)	0.0179
Neurological	0 (0)	13 (9.8)	0.0112
Life-support interventions, n (%)
Mechanical ventilation	11 (14.3)	36 (27.1)	0.0489
Central venous catheterization	18 (23.4)	48 (36.1)	0.0787
Hemodialysis	2 (2.6)	17 (12.8)	0.0258
Hospital length of stay, days
Median (IQR)	13 (8 - 26)	11 (5 - 19.3)	0.1005
Mean (SD)	18.6 (16.7)	15.9 (14.9)
Total hospital charges, dollars^a
Median (IQR)	80,805 (45,455 - 159,356)	101,678 (46,482 - 158,857)	0.5026
Mean (SD)	137,135 (200,766)	142,023 (174,999)
Patient disposition, n (%)
Hospital mortality	20 (26)	44 (33.1)	0.3569
Home	27 (35.1)	51 (38.3)	0.7444
Short-term facility	17 (22.1)	4 (3)	< 0.0001
Long-term facility	6 (7.8)	28 (21.1)	0.0204
Other^b	6 (7.8)	5 (3.8)	0.3458
Missing	1 (1.3)	1 (0.8)	0.7308

Table 2. Changes in the Clinical Characteristics, Resource Utilization, and Outcomes of NF Hospitalizations With a Diagnosis of Cirrhosis

Variable

2001 - 2003 (n = 77)

2008 - 2010 (n = 133)

^aHospital charges are adjusted for inflation to 2010 dollars. ^bLeft against medical advice, hospice. IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.

Deyo-Charlson score

Median (IQR)

2 (1 - 3.3)

4 (2 - 5.3)

< 0.0001

Mean (SD)

2.4 (1.5)

3.9 (2.4)

Number of failing organs

Any, n (%)

43 (55.8)

113 (85)

< 0.0001

Median (IQR)

0 (0 - 1.3)

2 (1 - 4)

< 0.0001

≥ 3 organ failures, n (%)

7 (9.1)

53 (39.8)

< 0.0001

Organ failures, n (%)

Respiratory

17 (22.1)

50 (37.6)

0.0299

Cardiovascular

12 (15.6)

53 (39.8)

0.0004

Renal

13 (16.9)

64 (48.1)

< 0.0001

Hepatic

3 (3.9)

25 (18.8)

0.0044

Hematological

22 (28.6)

72 (54.1)

0.0006

Metabolic

5 (6.5)

26 (19.5)

0.0179

Neurological

0 (0)

13 (9.8)

0.0112

Life-support interventions, n (%)

Mechanical ventilation

11 (14.3)

36 (27.1)

0.0489

Central venous catheterization

18 (23.4)

48 (36.1)

0.0787

Hemodialysis

2 (2.6)

17 (12.8)

0.0258

Hospital length of stay, days

Median (IQR)

13 (8 - 26)

11 (5 - 19.3)

0.1005

Mean (SD)

18.6 (16.7)

15.9 (14.9)

Total hospital charges, dollars^a

Median (IQR)

80,805 (45,455 - 159,356)

101,678 (46,482 - 158,857)

0.5026

Mean (SD)

137,135 (200,766)

142,023 (174,999)

Patient disposition, n (%)

Hospital mortality

20 (26)

44 (33.1)

0.3569

Home

27 (35.1)

51 (38.3)

0.7444

Short-term facility

17 (22.1)

4 (3)

< 0.0001

Long-term facility

6 (7.8)

28 (21.1)

0.0204

Other^b

6 (7.8)

5 (3.8)

0.3458

Missing

1 (1.3)

1 (0.8)

0.7308