J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 12, December 2015, pages 989-994

Serum Copeptin, Pentraxin 3, Anti-Mullerian Hormone Levels With Echocardiography and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

**Table 1.** Descriptive Variables in Adolescent PCOS (n = 25), Adult PCOS (n = 25) and Control Subjects (n = 25)
Characteristics	Adolescent PCOS (n = 25)	Adult PCOS (n = 25)	Control (n = 25)	P value
*Groups are significantly different from each other. ^aCompared to group 2 (P = 0.001). ^bCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^cCompared to group 1 (P = 0.015). ^dCompared to group 2 (P = 0.008). ^eCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^fCompared to group 3 (P = 0.01). ^gCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^hCompared to group 3 (P = 0.002). ⁱCompared to group 3 (P = 0.0079). ^jCompared to group 3 (P = 0.003). ^kCompared to group 2 (P = 0.004). ^lCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^mCompared to group 1 (P = 0.001). ⁿCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^oCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). WHR: waist to hip ratio.
Age (years)	17.96 ± 1.59^a	27.24 ± 5.34^b	31.8 ± 8.11^c	0.001*
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.75 ± 4.21	25.86 ± 4.61	25.44 ± 5.10	0.053
Waist circumference (cm)	91.82 ± 18.36	100 ± 20	123.55 ± 24.71	0.09
Hip circumference (cm)	98.28 ± 9.77^d	106.52 ± 8.01	104.60 ± 10.27	0.007*
WHR	0.75 ± 0.15	0.77 ± 0.05	0.77 ± 0.07	0.97
FSH (mIU/mL)	5.74 ± 1.48	5.39 ± 1.79	5.61 ± 1.69	0.760
LH (mIU/mL)*	11.69 ± 6.78^e	10.23 ± 6.36^f	5.56 ± 2.60	0.001*
Total testosterone (ng/dL)	0.52 ± 0.20^g	0.41 ± 0.22^h	0.22 ± 0.11	0.001*
Estradiol (pg/mL)	50.53 ± 24.38ⁱ	48.48 ± 22.07^j	74.84 ± 34.79	0.002*
M-Ferriman-Gallwey score	12.40 ± 3.37^k	9.52 ± 3.38^l	2.54 ± 1.43^m	0.001*
Ovarian volume (mm³)	10.86 ± 3.76ⁿ	11.43 ± 4.55^o	4.08 ± 2.15	0.001*

Table 1. Descriptive Variables in Adolescent PCOS (n = 25), Adult PCOS (n = 25) and Control Subjects (n = 25)

Characteristics

Adolescent PCOS (n = 25)

Adult PCOS (n = 25)

Control (n = 25)

P value

*Groups are significantly different from each other. ^aCompared to group 2 (P = 0.001). ^bCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^cCompared to group 1 (P = 0.015). ^dCompared to group 2 (P = 0.008). ^eCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^fCompared to group 3 (P = 0.01). ^gCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^hCompared to group 3 (P = 0.002). ⁱCompared to group 3 (P = 0.0079). ^jCompared to group 3 (P = 0.003). ^kCompared to group 2 (P = 0.004). ^lCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^mCompared to group 1 (P = 0.001). ⁿCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^oCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). WHR: waist to hip ratio.

Age (years)

17.96 ± 1.59^a

27.24 ± 5.34^b

31.8 ± 8.11^c

0.001*

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.75 ± 4.21

25.86 ± 4.61

25.44 ± 5.10

0.053

Waist circumference (cm)

91.82 ± 18.36

100 ± 20

123.55 ± 24.71

0.09

Hip circumference (cm)

98.28 ± 9.77^d

106.52 ± 8.01

104.60 ± 10.27

0.007*

WHR

0.75 ± 0.15

0.77 ± 0.05

0.77 ± 0.07

0.97

FSH (mIU/mL)

5.74 ± 1.48

5.39 ± 1.79

5.61 ± 1.69

0.760

LH (mIU/mL)*

11.69 ± 6.78^e

10.23 ± 6.36^f

5.56 ± 2.60

0.001*

Total testosterone (ng/dL)

0.52 ± 0.20^g

0.41 ± 0.22^h

0.22 ± 0.11

0.001*

Estradiol (pg/mL)

50.53 ± 24.38ⁱ

48.48 ± 22.07^j

74.84 ± 34.79

0.002*

M-Ferriman-Gallwey score

12.40 ± 3.37^k

9.52 ± 3.38^l

2.54 ± 1.43^m

0.001*

Ovarian volume (mm³)

10.86 ± 3.76ⁿ

11.43 ± 4.55^o

4.08 ± 2.15

0.001*

**Table 2.** Metabolic Profile of Adolescent PCOS (n = 25), Adult PCOS (n = 25) and Control Subjects (n = 25)
Characteristics	Adolescent PCOS (n = 25)	Adult PCOS (n = 25)	Control (n = 25)	P value
Values are mean ± standard deviation. *Groups are significantly different from each other. ^aCompared to group 2 (P = 0.001). ^bCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^cCompared to group 2 (P = 0.001). ^dCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^eCompared to group 2 (P = 0.005). ^fCompared to group 1 (P = 0.077). ^gCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^hCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001).
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	86.80 ± 5.43	84.24 ± 17.73	89.84 ± 7.24	0.23
Fasting insulin (μIU/mL)	8.64 ± 4.07^a	14.93 ± 7.38^b	7.64 ± 4.07	0.001*
CRP (g/dL)	1.8 ± 0.43	2.01 ± 1.12	1.92 ± 0.32	0.54
HOMA-IR	1.63 ± 0.89^c	3.33 ± 1.86^d	1.70 ± 1.86	0.001*
TC (mg/dL)	177.20 ± 28.47	190.88 ± 45.62	164.58 ± 40.12	0.19
LDL (mg/dL)	99.20 ± 24.37	110.96 ± 41.73	99.36 ± 28.81	0.34
VLDL (mg/dL)	18.04 ± 7.67	24.39 ± 15.66	21.5 ± 10.13	0.32
HDL (mg/dL)	57.68 ± 12.14	56.52 ± 11.80	59.84 ± 16.71	0.91
TG (mg/dL)	91.20 ± 30.50	123.12 ± 42.81	93.56 ± 40.73	0.32
Pentraxin 3 (ng/mL)	1.36 ± 0.56	1.64 ± 0.72	2 ± 0.99	0.95
Copeptin (ng/mL)	0.001 ± 0.00^e	0.28 ± 0.009	0.12 ± 0.00^f	0.015*
amh (ng/mL)	9.72 ± 1.15^g	7.9 ± 0.99^h	3.52 ± 0.58	0.001*

Table 2. Metabolic Profile of Adolescent PCOS (n = 25), Adult PCOS (n = 25) and Control Subjects (n = 25)

Characteristics

Adolescent PCOS (n = 25)

Adult PCOS (n = 25)

Control (n = 25)

P value

Values are mean ± standard deviation. *Groups are significantly different from each other. ^aCompared to group 2 (P = 0.001). ^bCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^cCompared to group 2 (P = 0.001). ^dCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^eCompared to group 2 (P = 0.005). ^fCompared to group 1 (P = 0.077). ^gCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001). ^hCompared to group 3 (P = 0.001).

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

86.80 ± 5.43

84.24 ± 17.73

89.84 ± 7.24

0.23

Fasting insulin (μIU/mL)

8.64 ± 4.07^a

14.93 ± 7.38^b

7.64 ± 4.07

0.001*

CRP (g/dL)

1.8 ± 0.43

2.01 ± 1.12

1.92 ± 0.32

0.54

HOMA-IR

1.63 ± 0.89^c

3.33 ± 1.86^d

1.70 ± 1.86

0.001*

TC (mg/dL)

177.20 ± 28.47

190.88 ± 45.62

164.58 ± 40.12

0.19

LDL (mg/dL)

99.20 ± 24.37

110.96 ± 41.73

99.36 ± 28.81

0.34

VLDL (mg/dL)

18.04 ± 7.67

24.39 ± 15.66

21.5 ± 10.13

0.32

HDL (mg/dL)

57.68 ± 12.14

56.52 ± 11.80

59.84 ± 16.71

0.91

TG (mg/dL)

91.20 ± 30.50

123.12 ± 42.81

93.56 ± 40.73

0.32

Pentraxin 3 (ng/mL)

1.36 ± 0.56

1.64 ± 0.72

2 ± 0.99

0.95

Copeptin (ng/mL)

0.001 ± 0.00^e

0.28 ± 0.009

0.12 ± 0.00^f

0.015*

amh (ng/mL)

9.72 ± 1.15^g

7.9 ± 0.99^h

3.52 ± 0.58

0.001*

**Table 3.** Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Cardiac Indices Among Groups
Characteristics	Adolescent PCOS (n = 25)	Adult PCOS (n = 25)	Control (n = 25)	P value
Values are mean ± standard deviation. *Groups are significantly different from each other. ^aCompared to group 2 (P = 0.001). ^bCompared to group 3 (P = 0.002). ^cCompared to group 1 (P =0.001). ^dCompared to group 2 (P = 0.016). ^eCompared to group 2 (P = 0.012). ^fCompared to group 1 (P = 0.029). MPI: myocard performance index; Mass I: left ventricular mass index; Strain: aortic strain; EP: elastic modulus; Stiffness: aortic stiffness index; E/E’: the ratio of peak early diastolic filling velocity of the mitral inflow to peak early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus.
Carotid artery intima-media thickness (mm)	0.48 ± 0.06^a	0.59 ± 0.06^b	0.67 ± 0.13^c	0.0001*
TA systolic (mm Hg)	105.60 ± 9^d	114.80 ± 15.51	109.20 ± 8.62	0.021*
TA diastolic (mm Hg)	68.64 ± 6.65^e	74.00 ± 8.53	72.00 ± 5.0^f	0.018*
MPI	0.55 ± 0.09	0.55 ± 0.07	0.50 ± 0.08	0.09
Mass I (g/m²)	66.76 ± 14.29	109.65 ± 18.70	70.61 ± 11.91	0.45
Strain 100 (%)	12.66 ± 6.31	10.15 ± 4.75	13.24 ± 6.20	0.14
EP	3.75 ± 2.27	5.33 ± 3.86	3.69 ± 2.52	0.09
Stiffness	4.37 ± 2.65	5.56 ± 3.40	4.08 ± 2.58	0.17
Distensibility (cm²/dyn/10³ )	7.08 ± 3.78	5.30 ± 2.72	7.29 ± 3.43	0.07
E/ E’	6.63 ± 1.41	6.13 ± 1.33	6.43 ± 2.02	0.54

Table 3. Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Cardiac Indices Among Groups

Characteristics

Adolescent PCOS (n = 25)

Adult PCOS (n = 25)

Control (n = 25)

P value

Values are mean ± standard deviation. *Groups are significantly different from each other. ^aCompared to group 2 (P = 0.001). ^bCompared to group 3 (P = 0.002). ^cCompared to group 1 (P =0.001). ^dCompared to group 2 (P = 0.016). ^eCompared to group 2 (P = 0.012). ^fCompared to group 1 (P = 0.029). MPI: myocard performance index; Mass I: left ventricular mass index; Strain: aortic strain; EP: elastic modulus; Stiffness: aortic stiffness index; E/E’: the ratio of peak early diastolic filling velocity of the mitral inflow to peak early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus.

Carotid artery intima-media thickness (mm)

0.48 ± 0.06^a

0.59 ± 0.06^b

0.67 ± 0.13^c

0.0001*

TA systolic (mm Hg)

105.60 ± 9^d

114.80 ± 15.51

109.20 ± 8.62

0.021*

TA diastolic (mm Hg)

68.64 ± 6.65^e

74.00 ± 8.53

72.00 ± 5.0^f

0.018*

MPI

0.55 ± 0.09

0.55 ± 0.07

0.50 ± 0.08

0.09

Mass I (g/m²)

66.76 ± 14.29

109.65 ± 18.70

70.61 ± 11.91

0.45

Strain 100 (%)

12.66 ± 6.31

10.15 ± 4.75

13.24 ± 6.20

0.14

3.75 ± 2.27

5.33 ± 3.86

3.69 ± 2.52

0.09

Stiffness

4.37 ± 2.65

5.56 ± 3.40

4.08 ± 2.58

0.17

Distensibility (cm²/dyn/10³ )

7.08 ± 3.78

5.30 ± 2.72

7.29 ± 3.43

0.07

E/ E’

6.63 ± 1.41

6.13 ± 1.33

6.43 ± 2.02

0.54