Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Review

Volume 8, Number 2, February 2016, pages 76-83

Morphological and Morphometrical Study of the Human Ossicular Chain: A Review of the Literature and a Meta-Analysis of Experience Over 50 Years

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Malleus, incus and stapes.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Articulation of the auditory ossicles.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Total height of stapes: statistical analysis of five papers.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Length of basis stapedis: Analysis of five papers.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Width of basis stapedis: analysis of five papers.
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Total length of incus: analysis of three papers.
Figure 7.
Figure 7. Total length of malleus: analysis of six papers.
Figure 8.
Figure 8. Length of manubrium of malleus: analysis of five papers.
Figure 9.
Figure 9. Length of head and neck of malleus: analysis of three papers.

Tables

Table 1. Data of Stapes Diameters
 
Values, mean ± SD (min - max)
Unur et al, 2002 [4]Dass et al, 1966 [7]Harneja and Chaturvedi, 1973 [8]Arensburg et al, 1981 [9]Wadha et al, 2005 [6]Rathava et al, 2013 [10]Awengen et al, 1995 [11]Farahani and Nooranipour, 1995 [12]
Total height3.22 ± 0.313.29 (2.80 - 3.93)3.12 ± 0.21 (2.50 - 3.50)3.20 ± 0.21 (2.89 - 3.72) (n = 19)3.41 ± 0.20 (3.06 - 3.71)3.33 ± 0.25 (2.86 - 3.90)--
Length of basis stapedis2.57 ± 0.332.79 (2.29 - 3.30)2.68 ± 0.27 (1.75 - 3.25)2.8 ± 0.15 (2.49 - 3.05)2.97 ± 0.31 (2.64 - 3.56)2.78 ± 0.15 (2.41 - 3.11)--
Width of basis stapedis1.29 ± 0.221.43 (0.42 - 19.94)1.26 ± 0.08 (1.10 - 1.50)1.3 ± 0.07 (1.23 - 1.45)0.39 ± 0.10 (0.19 - 0.56)1.34 ± 0.13 (1.05 - 1.73)2.48 (2.06 - 2.98)2.298 (1.928 - 3.050)
N40165481810601012

 

Table 2. Incus Diameters
 
Values, mean ± SD (min - max)
Unur et al, 2002 [4]Chien et al, 2009 [13]Harneja and Chaturvedi, 1973 [8]Toth et al, 2013 [14]Kwok et al, 2006 [15]Arensburg et al, 1981 [9]
Total length6.47 ± 0.55-3.14 ± 0.19 (2.80 - 3.75) (SE)--6.4 ± 0.24 (6.04 - 6.93)
Total width4.88 ± 0.47-1.82 ± 0.14 (1.60 - 2.25) (SE)--
Distance between processes’ tips6.12 ± 0.43----
Long process diameter at 1.5 mm from tip (prothesis attachment)-0.630 (0.260 - 1.10) ± 0.134-0.52 - 1.150.66 ± 0.05 - 0.81 ± 0.1
N4010350501122

 

Table 3. Malleus Diameters
 
Value, mean ± SD (min - max)
Singh et al, 2012 [16] - rightSingh et al, 2012 [16] - leftUnur et al, 2002 [4]Vinayachandra et al, 2014 [17]Mogra et al, 2014 [3]Harneja and Chaturvedi, 1973 [8]Arensburg et al, 1981 [9]
Total length7.947 ± 0.4157.9467 ± 0.4017.69 ± 0.607.45 ± 0.39 (6.94 - 7.78)8.53 ± 0.587.15 ± 0.31 (SE) (6.60 - 8.00)7.8 ± 0.35 (7.01 - 8.41) (n = 31)
Length of manubrium4.762 ± 0.451394.726 ± 0.3764.70 ± 0.455.20 ± 0.484.22 ± 0.35 (SE) (3.75 - 5.20)4.4 ± 0.47 (3.56 - 5.65) (n = 30)
Length of head and neck5.237 ± 0.34095.2172 ± 0.4004.85 ± 0.294.72 ± 0.82
N606040506650