J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 11, November 2015, pages 880-883

Proton Pump Inhibitors Did Not Increase Risk of Pneumonia in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

**Table 1.** Number of Baseline Characteristics in Newly Identified COPD Patients in 2000 - 2005
Variables	Pneumonia	P-value^†
^†Chi-square test. CAD: coronary artery disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; mean ± SD: mean ± standard derivation; n: numbers; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.
Age (years)			1.000
Mean ± SD	68.3 ± 12.6	71.1 ± 13.9
30 - 39	212 (3.1)	106 (3.1)
40 - 49	400 (5.9)	200 (5.9)
50 - 59	818 (12.1)	409 (12.1)
60 - 69	1,182 (17.5)	591 (17.5)
≥ 70	4,142 (61.3)	2,071 (61.3)
Sex			1.000
Women	2,204 (32.6)	1,102 (32.6)
Men	4,550 (67.4)	2,275 (67.4)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	3,237 (47.9)	1,827 (54.1)	< 0.001
DM	1,351 (20.0)	846 (25.1)	< 0.001
HF	591 (8.8)	398 (11.8)	< 0.001
CAD	1,816 (26.9)	1,009 (29.9)	0.002
CKD	218 (3.2)	151 (4.5)	0.002
Glucocorticoids	1,686 (25.0)	1,087 (32.2)	< 0.001
Drug use			1.000
PPI	436 (6.5)	213 (6.3)

Table 1. Number of Baseline Characteristics in Newly Identified COPD Patients in 2000 - 2005

Variables

Pneumonia

P-value^†

No (n = 6,754), n (%)

Yes (n = 3,377), n (%)

^†Chi-square test. CAD: coronary artery disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; mean ± SD: mean ± standard derivation; n: numbers; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.

Age (years)

1.000

Mean ± SD

68.3 ± 12.6

71.1 ± 13.9

30 - 39

212 (3.1)

106 (3.1)

40 - 49

400 (5.9)

200 (5.9)

50 - 59

818 (12.1)

409 (12.1)

60 - 69

1,182 (17.5)

591 (17.5)

≥ 70

4,142 (61.3)

2,071 (61.3)

Sex

1.000

Women

2,204 (32.6)

1,102 (32.6)

Men

4,550 (67.4)

2,275 (67.4)

Comorbidities

Hypertension

3,237 (47.9)

1,827 (54.1)

< 0.001

1,351 (20.0)

846 (25.1)

< 0.001

591 (8.8)

398 (11.8)

< 0.001

CAD

1,816 (26.9)

1,009 (29.9)

0.002

CKD

218 (3.2)

151 (4.5)

0.002

Glucocorticoids

1,686 (25.0)

1,087 (32.2)

< 0.001

Drug use

1.000

PPI

436 (6.5)

213 (6.3)

**Table 2.** Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Interval of Pneumonia Associated With Risk Factors in Conditional Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis
Drug use	OR (95% CI)	OR^† (95% CI)
^†Adjusted for age, sex, glucocorticoids use, and comorbidities. CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.
None	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
PPI	1.00 (0.87 - 1.15)	0.96 (0.83 - 1.10)

Table 2. Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Interval of Pneumonia Associated With Risk Factors in Conditional Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis

Drug use

OR (95% CI)

OR^† (95% CI)

^†Adjusted for age, sex, glucocorticoids use, and comorbidities. CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.

None

1.00 (Reference)

PPI

1.00 (0.87 - 1.15)

0.96 (0.83 - 1.10)

**Table 3.** Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Interval of Pneumonia Associated With Risk Factors in Conditional Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis by Age
Drug use	OR (95% CI)	OR^† (95% CI)
^†Adjusted for age, sex, glucocorticoids use, and comorbidities. CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.
Age < 70
None	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
PPI	1.07 (0.85 - 1.35)	1.04 (0.83 - 1.31)
Age ≥ 70
None	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
PPI	0.97 (0.81 - 1.15)	0.96 (0.81 - 1.15)

Table 3. Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Interval of Pneumonia Associated With Risk Factors in Conditional Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis by Age

Drug use

OR (95% CI)

OR^† (95% CI)

^†Adjusted for age, sex, glucocorticoids use, and comorbidities. CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.

Age < 70

None

1.00 (Reference)

PPI

1.07 (0.85 - 1.35)

1.04 (0.83 - 1.31)

Age ≥ 70

None

1.00 (Reference)

PPI

0.97 (0.81 - 1.15)

0.96 (0.81 - 1.15)

**Table 4.** Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Interval of Pneumonia Associated With Risk Factors in Conditional Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis by Drug Dosage
Drug use	OR (95% CI)	OR^† (95% CI)
^†Adjusted for age, sex, glucocorticoids use, and comorbidities. CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.
None	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
PPI ≤ 30 days	1.07 (0.51 - 2.24)	1.12 (0.53 - 2.34)
PPI 30 - 90 days	0.90 (0.76 - 1.08)	0.86 (0.72 - 1.03)
PPI > 90 days	1.04 (0.88 - 1.24)	0.97 (0.81 - 1.15)

Table 4. Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Interval of Pneumonia Associated With Risk Factors in Conditional Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis by Drug Dosage

Drug use

OR (95% CI)

OR^† (95% CI)

^†Adjusted for age, sex, glucocorticoids use, and comorbidities. CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.

None

1.00 (Reference)

PPI ≤ 30 days

1.07 (0.51 - 2.24)

1.12 (0.53 - 2.34)

PPI 30 - 90 days

0.90 (0.76 - 1.08)

0.86 (0.72 - 1.03)

PPI > 90 days

1.04 (0.88 - 1.24)

0.97 (0.81 - 1.15)