Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 7, July 2015, pages 545-550


Association Between Visit-to-Visit Variability in Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients After Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Figure

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Visit-to-visit variability (VVV) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and maximum SBP in patients with or without major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and myocardial infarction (MI) in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) groups.

Tables

Table 1. Patient Characteristics at Baseline in All Patients and the ACS and SAP Groups
 
All patientsACSSAP
SAP: stable angina pectoris; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; BMI: body mass index; MI: myocardial infarction; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DL: dyslipidemia; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; DM: diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CCB: calcium channel blocker; OHA: oral hypoglycemic agent; RCA: right coronary artery; LAD: left anterior descending coronary artery; LCx: left circumflex coronary artery; LMT: left main trunk; BG: bypass graft; BMS: bare-metal stent; DES: drug-eluting stent; POBA: plain old balloon angioplasty. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. SAP group.
No. of patients17650126
Age, years69 ± 1168 ± 1170 ± 11
Male, n (%)143 (81)43 (86)100 (79)
BMI, kg/m224.0 ± 3.524.2 ± 3.524.0 ± 3.5
Smoking, %106 (60)30 (60)76 (60)
Prior MI, n (%)40 (23)9 (18)31 (25)
Prior PCI, n (%)65 (37)12 (24)*53 (42)
Prior CABG, n (%)13 (7)5 (10)8 (6)
SBP, mm Hg130 ± 19128 ± 22131 ± 16
DBP, mm Hg73 ± 1476 ± 1672 ± 13
DL, %163 (93)48 (96)115 (91)
  TG, mg/dL133 ± 85121 ± 74138 ± 89
  LDL-C, mg/dL99 ± 31103 ± 3497 ± 30
  HDL-C, mg/dL46 ± 1245 ± 1147 ± 12
DM, %69 (39)17 (34)52 (41)
  HbA1c, %6.3 ± 1.26.2 ± 1.36.3 ± 1.2
LVEF, %60 ± 1554 ± 16*62 ± 14
eGFR61 ± 2165 ± 2459 ± 20
Medications
  ARB/ACE-I147 (84)44 (88)103 (82)
  CCB131 (74)32 (64)*99 (79)
  β-blocker66 (38)27 (54)**39 (31)
  Diuretics34 (19)12 (24)22 (17)
  Statin155 (88)45 (90)110 (87)
  Nitrate118 (67)28 (56)*90 (78)
  Nicorandil30 (17)9 (18)21 (17)
  OHA43 (24)13 (26)30 (24)
  Insulin7 (4)2 (4)5 (4)
Target vessels of PCI
  RCA/LAD/LCx/LMT/BG, n (%)59/84/27/2/4 (34/48/15/1/2)14/26/6/1/3 (28/58/12/6/2)45/58/21/1/1 (36/46/17/1/1)
PCI procedure
  BMS/DES/POBA, n (%)42/123/11 (24/70/6)23/24/3 (46/48/6)*19/99/8 (15/79/6)
  Stent length of BMS or DES22.0 ± 6.922.4 ± 5.821.9 ± 7.2
  Stent size of BMS or DES3.1 ± 0.43.2 ± 0.4*3.0 ± 0.4

 

Table 2. Clinical Outcomes in All Patients and the ACS and SAP Groups
 
All patientsACSSAP
MACEs: major adverse cardiovascular events; MI: myocardial infarction; TLR: target lesion revascularization.
MACE, n (%)19 (11)7 (14)12 (10)
  MI, n (%)6 (3)3 (6)3 (3)
  TLR, n (%)18 (10)7 (14)11 (9)
  Death, n (%)1 (0.6)0 (0)1 (0.8)

 

Table 3. Various BP Parameters in All Patients and the ACS and SAP Groups
 
All patientsACSSAP
VVV: visit-to-visit variability; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. *P < 0.05 vs. SAP.
VVV of SBP10.2 ± 4.29.8 ± 4.910.3 ± 6.6
VVV of DBP6.9 ± 4.46.7 ± 3.27.0 ± 4.8
Average of SBP, mm Hg129 ± 13125 ± 13*130 ± 13
Average of DBP, mm Hg73 ± 873 ± 973 ± 8
Maximum SBP, mm Hg140 ± 17136 ± 15*141 ± 17
Maximum DBP, mm Hg81 ± 1180 ± 1081 ± 12
Minimum SBP, mm Hg117 ± 14114 ± 15*119 ± 13
Minimum DBP, mm Hg70 ± 966 ± 966 ± 9

 

Table 4. Various BP Parameters in All Patients, Patients With or Without MACE, TLR and MI in the ACS and SAP Groups
 
ACSSAP
MACEMIMACEMI
(-)(+)(-)(+)(-)(+)(-)(+)
VVV: visit-to-visit variability; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; PP: pulse pressure.
VVV of DBP, mm Hg6.6 ± 3.37.5 ± 3.06.7 ± 3.36.4 ± 3.07.2 ± 4.85.1 ± 3.87.1 ± 4.84.5 ± 3.1
Average of SBP, mm Hg124 ± 13130 ± 9125 ± 13135 ± 12130 ± 13129 ± 17130 ± 13130 ± 1
Average of DBP, mm Hg73 ± 975 ± 873 ± 982 ± 673 ± 874 ± 773 ± 876 ± 3
Maximum DBP, mm Hg79 ± 1082 ± 1179 ± 1087 ± 1282 ± 1279 ± 1081 ± 1281 ± 2
Minimum SBP, mm Hg114 ± 15117 ± 10114 ± 15119 ± 14119 ± 13118 ± 13119 ± 13121 ± 12
Minimum DBP, mm Hg66 ± 1066 ± 865 ± 974 ± 466 ± 967 ± 666 ± 971 ± 6