J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 7, July 2015, pages 525-533

Depression in Teenager Pregnant Women in a Public Hospital in a Northern Mexican City: Prevalence and Correlates

**Table 1.** Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Teenager Pregnant Women and Their Association With Depression
Characteristics	No. of women studied	Depression	P value
Age (years)
13	1	0	0	0.001
14	16	9	56.3
15	42	6	14.3
16	64	7	10.9
17	58	15	25.9
Occupation
Laborer	3	0	0	1.00
Non-laborer	178	37	20.8
Marital status
Married	25	5	20	0.65
Single	43	11	25.6
Living together	113	21	18.6
Education
1 - 6 years	1	0	0	0.19
7 - 12 years	11	0	0
> 12 years	169	37	21.9
Birthplace
Durango State	181	37	20.4
Other Mexican State	0	0
Residence place
Durango State	177	37	20.9	0.30
Other Mexican State	4	0	0
Residence area
Urban	152	32	21.1	0.54
Suburban	17	4	23.5
Rural	12	1	8.3
Religion
Yes	174	37	21.3	0.34
No	7	0	0
Health insurance
Yes	176	36	20.5	1.00
No	5	1	20
Age at marriage
11 - 14	39	10	25.6	0.27
15 - 17	119	21	17.6
No. of marriages
None	156	32	20.5	0.46
One	20	5	20
Two	5	0	0

Table 1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Teenager Pregnant Women and Their Association With Depression

Characteristics

No. of women studied

Depression

P value

No.

Age (years)

0.001

56.3

14.3

10.9

25.9

Occupation

Laborer

1.00

Non-laborer

178

20.8

Marital status

Married

0.65

Single

25.6

Living together

113

18.6

Education

1 - 6 years

0.19

7 - 12 years

> 12 years

169

21.9

Birthplace

Durango State

181

20.4

Other Mexican State

Residence place

Durango State

177

20.9

0.30

Other Mexican State

Residence area

Urban

152

21.1

0.54

Suburban

23.5

Rural

8.3

Religion

Yes

174

21.3

0.34

Health insurance

Yes

176

20.5

1.00

Age at marriage

11 - 14

25.6

0.27

15 - 17

119

17.6

No. of marriages

None

156

20.5

0.46

One

Two

**Table 2.** Bivariate Analysis of a Selection of Clinical Characteristics of the Teenager Pregnant Women and Their Association With Depression
Characteristics	No. of women studied	Depression	P value
Health status
Ill	8	0	0	0.36
Healthy	173	37	21.4
No. of pregnancies
One	154	34	22.1	0.41
Two	26	3	11.5
Three	1	0	0
No. of deliveries
None	174	35	20.1	0.63
One	7	2	28.6
Cesarean sections
Yes	6	0	0	0.34
No	175	37	21.1
Miscarriages
Yes	13	1	7.7	0.47
No	168	36	21.4
Outcome of last pregnancy
Delivery	7	2	28.6	0.46
Cesarean section	6	0	0
Complication in last pregnancy
Yes	2	1	50	0.42
No	11	2	18.2
Depression before pregnancy
Yes	40	14	35	0.01
No	140	23	16.4
Trauma in life
Yes	18	6	33.3	0.21
No	162	31	19.1
History of postpartum depression
Yes	15	6	40	0.09
No	126	25	19.8
Stress before pregnancy
Yes	47	13	27.7	0.18
No	130	24	18.5
Anxiety before pregnancy
Yes	41	14	34.1	0.01
No	136	23	16.9
Trimester of pregnancy
First	8	4	50	0.02
Second	61	16	26.2
Third	112	17	15.2
Know the fetal sex
Yes	103	19	18.4	0.36
No	75	18	24
Fetal sex
Male	59	10	16.9	0.68
Female	45	9	20
Previous depression during pregnancy
Yes	48	24	50	< 0.001
No	133	13	9.8
Anxiety during pregnancy
Yes	48	19	39.6	< 0.001
No	133	18	13.5
Stress during pregnancy
Yes	74	23	31.1	0.004
No	106	14	13.2
Smoking
Yes	10	3	30	0.43
No	170	34	20
Alcohol consumption
Yes	11	3	27.3	0.69
No	169	34	20.1
Drug abuse
Yes	5	1	20	1.00
No	175	35	20
Fetal size
Small	6	1	16.7	0.001
Normal	140	29	20.7
Big	4	4	100

Table 2. Bivariate Analysis of a Selection of Clinical Characteristics of the Teenager Pregnant Women and Their Association With Depression

Characteristics

No. of women studied

Depression

P value

No.

Health status

Ill

0.36

Healthy

173

21.4

No. of pregnancies

One

154

22.1

0.41

Two

11.5

Three

No. of deliveries

None

174

20.1

0.63

One

28.6

Cesarean sections

Yes

0.34

175

21.1

Miscarriages

Yes

7.7

0.47

168

21.4

Outcome of last pregnancy

Delivery

28.6

0.46

Cesarean section

Complication in last pregnancy

Yes

0.42

18.2

Depression before pregnancy

Yes

0.01

140

16.4

Trauma in life

Yes

33.3

0.21

162

19.1

History of postpartum depression

Yes

0.09

126

19.8

Stress before pregnancy

Yes

27.7

0.18

130

18.5

Anxiety before pregnancy

Yes

34.1

0.01

136

16.9

Trimester of pregnancy

First

0.02

Second

26.2

Third

112

15.2

Know the fetal sex

Yes

103

18.4

0.36

Fetal sex

Male

16.9

0.68

Female

Previous depression during pregnancy

Yes

< 0.001

133

9.8

Anxiety during pregnancy

Yes

39.6

< 0.001

133

13.5

Stress during pregnancy

Yes

31.1

0.004

106

13.2

Smoking

Yes

0.43

170

Alcohol consumption

Yes

27.3

0.69

169

20.1

Drug abuse

Yes

1.00

175

Fetal size

Small

16.7

0.001

Normal

140

20.7

Big

100

**Table 3.** Bivariate Analysis of Psychosocial Characteristics of the Teenager Pregnant Women and Their Association With Depression
Characteristics	No. of women studied	Depression	P value
Separated from parents at young age
Yes	55	14	25.5	0.28
No	125	23	18.4
Financial problems
Yes	38	13	34.2	0.01
No	143	24	16.8
Family problems
Yes	21	9	42.9	0.01
No	160	28	17.5
Bad relation with mother in law
Yes	32	6	18.8	1.00
No	142	29	20.4
Satisfaction with educational level
Yes	103	21	20.4	1.00
No	77	16	20.8
Support from her couple
Yes	152	28	18.4	0.09
No	28	9	32.1
Support from relatives, friends, colleagues
Yes	155	31	20	0.71
No	26	6	23.1
Support from the government
Yes	53	11	20.8	0.94
No	128	26	20.3
Happy with the fetal sex
Yes	129	30	23.3	0.53
No	28	5	17.9
Desired pregnancy
Yes	117	20	17.1	0.13
No	64	17	26.6
Relation with her couple
Good	143	23	16.1	0.003
Bad	30	12	40
Live with her couple
Yes	126	20	15.9	0.01
No	45	15	33.3
Ever abandoned by her couple
Yes	47	16	34	0.008
No	127	20	15.7
Violence from her couple
Yes	22	9	40.9	0.02
No	151	27	17.9
Couple living abroad
Yes	5	0	0	0.58
No	167	35	21
Satisfied with her body image
Yes	167	31	18.6	0.06
No	12	5	41.7

Table 3. Bivariate Analysis of Psychosocial Characteristics of the Teenager Pregnant Women and Their Association With Depression

Characteristics

No. of women studied

Depression

P value

No.

Separated from parents at young age

Yes

25.5

0.28

125

18.4

Financial problems

Yes

34.2

0.01

143

16.8

Family problems

Yes

42.9

0.01

160

17.5

Bad relation with mother in law

Yes

18.8

1.00

142

20.4

Satisfaction with educational level

Yes

103

20.4

1.00

20.8

Support from her couple

Yes

152

18.4

0.09

32.1

Support from relatives, friends, colleagues

Yes

155

0.71

23.1

Support from the government

Yes

20.8

0.94

128

20.3

Happy with the fetal sex

Yes

129

23.3

0.53

17.9

Desired pregnancy

Yes

117

17.1

0.13

26.6

Relation with her couple

Good

143

16.1

0.003

Bad

Live with her couple

Yes

126

15.9

0.01

33.3

Ever abandoned by her couple

Yes

0.008

127

15.7

Violence from her couple

Yes

40.9

0.02

151

17.9

Couple living abroad

Yes

0.58

167

Satisfied with her body image

Yes

167

18.6

0.06

41.7

**Table 4.** Multivariate Analysis of Selected Characteristics of the Teenager Pregnant Women and Their Association With Depression
Characteristic	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P value
Age	1.07	0.66 - 1.74	0.75
Depression before pregnancy	1.18	0.33 - 4.10	0.79
Anxiety before pregnancy	0.91	0.24 - 3.44	0.89
Trimester of pregnancy	0.58	0.25 - 1.35	0.21
Previous depression during pregnancy	6.12	1.68 - 22.30	0.006
Anxiety during pregnancy	1.04	0.28 - 3.82	0.94
Stress during pregnancy	0.94	0.25 - 3.46	0.93
Fetal size	9.9	0.94 - 104.24	0.05
Financial problems	1.06	0.31 - 3.65	0.91
Family problems	3.83	0.99 - 14.84	0.05
Bad relation with her couple	1.04	0.22 - 4.81	0.95
Living without her couple	0.62	0.15 - 2.44	0.49
Ever abandoned by her couple	0.99	0.24 - 4.13	0.99
Violence from her couple	1.9	0.53 - 6.74	0.31

Table 4. Multivariate Analysis of Selected Characteristics of the Teenager Pregnant Women and Their Association With Depression

Characteristic

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

P value

Age

1.07

0.66 - 1.74

0.75

Depression before pregnancy

1.18

0.33 - 4.10

0.79

Anxiety before pregnancy

0.91

0.24 - 3.44

0.89

Trimester of pregnancy

0.58

0.25 - 1.35

0.21

Previous depression during pregnancy

6.12

1.68 - 22.30

0.006

Anxiety during pregnancy

1.04

0.28 - 3.82

0.94

Stress during pregnancy

0.94

0.25 - 3.46

0.93

Fetal size

9.9

0.94 - 104.24

0.05

Financial problems

1.06

0.31 - 3.65

0.91

Family problems

3.83

0.99 - 14.84

0.05

Bad relation with her couple

1.04

0.22 - 4.81

0.95

Living without her couple

0.62

0.15 - 2.44

0.49

Ever abandoned by her couple

0.99

0.24 - 4.13

0.99

Violence from her couple

1.9

0.53 - 6.74

0.31