J Clin Med Res

Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, ISSN 1918-3003 print, 1918-3011 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Med Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jocmr.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 3, March 2015, pages 150-153

Clinical Significance of Precipitous Labor

**Table 1.** Incidences of Precipitous and Prolonged Singleton Labors
Parity	Total	Vaginal labor	Cesarean delivery
0	5,555	386 (6.9)	3,776 (68.0)	29 (0.5)	1,364 (24.6)
1	3,880	817 (21.1)	1,844 (47.5)	48 (1.2)	1,171 (30.2)
2	1,308	320 (24.5)	590 (45.1)	8 (0.6)	390 (29.8)
≥ 3	496	83 (16.7)	277 (55.8)	3 (0.6)	133 (26.8)
Total	11,239	1,606 (14.3)	6,487 (57.7)	88 (0.8)	3,058 (27.2)

Table 1. Incidences of Precipitous and Prolonged Singleton Labors

Parity

Total

Vaginal labor

Cesarean delivery

Precipitate labor

Normal

Prolonged labor

5,555

386 (6.9)

3,776 (68.0)

29 (0.5)

1,364 (24.6)

3,880

817 (21.1)

1,844 (47.5)

48 (1.2)

1,171 (30.2)

1,308

320 (24.5)

590 (45.1)

8 (0.6)

390 (29.8)

≥ 3

496

83 (16.7)

277 (55.8)

3 (0.6)

133 (26.8)

Total

11,239

1,606 (14.3)

6,487 (57.7)

88 (0.8)

3,058 (27.2)

**Table 2.** Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Nulliparous Women With and Without Precipitate Labor
	Precipitate labor	Normal group	P-value	Crude OR	95% CI
Values are expressed as number (percentage). OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. Severe perineal laceration, perineal laceration either third- or fourth-degree laceration.
Total	386	3776
Maternal age
< 20 years	21 (5.4)	115 (3.0)	0.01	1.85	1.14 - 3.00
20 - 34 years	263 (68.1)	2,670 (70.7)	-	Reference	-
≥ 35 years	101 (26.2)	991 (25.2)	0.78	1.03	0.81 - 1.32
Gestational age at delivery
< 37 weeks	53 (13.7)	159 (4.2)	< 0.01	3.47	2.49 - 4.84
37 - 40 weeks	293 (75.9)	3,050 (80.8)	-	Reference	-
41 - 42 weeks	40 (10.3)	563 (14.9)	0.08	0.74	0.53 - 1.04
Hypertensive disorders	36 (9.3)	174 (4.6)	< 0.01	2.13	1.46 - 3.10
Glucose intolerance	10 (2.6)	87 (2.3)	0.72	1.13	0.58 - 2.19
Oxtocin use	106 (27.5)	1,353 (35.8)	< 0.01	0.68	0.54 - 0.86
Placental abruption	4 (1.0)	58 (1.5)	0.44	0.67	0.24 - 1.86
Vacuum/forceps delivery	56 (14.1)	411 (12.2)	0.05	1.35	1.00 - 1.82
Neonatal birth weight
< 2,500 g	110 (28.5)	349 (9.2)	0.01	3.64	2.84 - 4.67
2,500 - 3,499 g	293 (75.9)	3,039 (80.5)	-	Reference	-
≥ 3,500 g	40 (10.3)	388 (10.3)	< 0.01	0.39	0.22 - 0.68
Apgar score at 1 min < 4	0 (0)	14 (0.4)	0.23	-	-
Apgar score at 5 min < 7	1 (0.3)	7 (0.2)	0.75	1.40	0.17 - 11.40
Umbilical artery pH < 7	0 (0)	10 (0.3)	0.31	-	-
Total blood loss ≥ 1,000 mL	28 (7.3)	319 (8.4)	0.42	0.85	0.57 - 1.27
Hemotransfusion	4 (1.0)	18 (0.5)	0.15	2.19	0.74 - 6.49
Cervical laceration	12 (3.1)	66 (1.3)	0.06	1.8	0.97 - 3.37
Severe perineal laceration	14 (3.6)	141 (3.7)	0.91	0.97	0.55 - 1.70

Table 2. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Nulliparous Women With and Without Precipitate Labor

Precipitate labor

Normal group

P-value

Crude OR

95% CI

Values are expressed as number (percentage). OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. Severe perineal laceration, perineal laceration either third- or fourth-degree laceration.

Total

386

3776

Maternal age

< 20 years

21 (5.4)

115 (3.0)

0.01

1.85

1.14 - 3.00

20 - 34 years

263 (68.1)

2,670 (70.7)

Reference

≥ 35 years

101 (26.2)

991 (25.2)

0.78

1.03

0.81 - 1.32

Gestational age at delivery

< 37 weeks

53 (13.7)

159 (4.2)

< 0.01

3.47

2.49 - 4.84

37 - 40 weeks

293 (75.9)

3,050 (80.8)

Reference

41 - 42 weeks

40 (10.3)

563 (14.9)

0.08

0.74

0.53 - 1.04

Hypertensive disorders

36 (9.3)

174 (4.6)

< 0.01

2.13

1.46 - 3.10

Glucose intolerance

10 (2.6)

87 (2.3)

0.72

1.13

0.58 - 2.19

Oxtocin use

106 (27.5)

1,353 (35.8)

< 0.01

0.68

0.54 - 0.86

Placental abruption

4 (1.0)

58 (1.5)

0.44

0.67

0.24 - 1.86

Vacuum/forceps delivery

56 (14.1)

411 (12.2)

0.05

1.35

1.00 - 1.82

Neonatal birth weight

< 2,500 g

110 (28.5)

349 (9.2)

0.01

3.64

2.84 - 4.67

2,500 - 3,499 g

293 (75.9)

3,039 (80.5)

Reference

≥ 3,500 g

40 (10.3)

388 (10.3)

< 0.01

0.39

0.22 - 0.68

Apgar score at 1 min < 4

0 (0)

14 (0.4)

0.23

Apgar score at 5 min < 7

1 (0.3)

7 (0.2)

0.75

1.40

0.17 - 11.40

Umbilical artery pH < 7

0 (0)

10 (0.3)

0.31

Total blood loss ≥ 1,000 mL

28 (7.3)

319 (8.4)

0.42

0.85

0.57 - 1.27

Hemotransfusion

4 (1.0)

18 (0.5)

0.15

2.19

0.74 - 6.49

Cervical laceration

12 (3.1)

66 (1.3)

0.06

1.8

0.97 - 3.37

Severe perineal laceration

14 (3.6)

141 (3.7)

0.91

0.97

0.55 - 1.70

**Table 3.** Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Two-Parous Women With and Without Precipitate Labor
	Precipitate labor	Normal group	P-value	Crude OR	95% CI
Values are expressed as number (percentage). OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. Severe perineal laceration, perineal laceration either third- or fourth-degree laceration.
Total	320	590
Maternal age
< 20 years	0 (0)	1 (0.2)	0.47	-	-
20 - 34 years	169 (52.8)	326 (55.3)	-	Reference	-
≥ 35 years	151 (47.2)	263 (44.6)	0.46	1.11	0.84 - 1.46
Gestational age at delivery
< 37 weeks	21 (6.6)	30 (5.1)	0.28	1.37	0.77 - 2.44
37 - 40 weeks	261 (81.6)	511 (86.6)	-	Reference	-
41 - 42 weeks	38 (11.9)	49 (8.3)	0.07	1.52	0.97 - 2.38
Hypertensive disorders	30 (9.4)	15 (2.7)	< 0.01	3.71	1.99 - 6.92
Glucose intolerance	10 (3.1)	15 (2.5)	0.61	1.24	0.55 - 2.79
Oxtocin use	35 (10.9)	35 (5.9)	< 0.01	1.95	1.19 - 3.18
Placental abruption	4 (1.3)	4 (0.7)	0.38	1.85	0.46 - 1.47
Vacuum/forceps delivery	9 (2.8)	16 (2.7)	0.97	1.01	0.44 - 2.32
Neonatal birth weight
< 2,500 g	28 (8.8)	42 (7.1)	0.35	1.27	0.77 - 2.10
2,500 - 3,499 g	247 (77.2)	470 (79.7)	-	Reference	-
≥ 3,500 g	45 (14.1)	48 (13.2)	0.65	1.1	0.74 - 1.63
Apgar score at 1 min < 4	0 (0)	1 (0.2)	0.46	-	-
Apgar score at 5 min < 7	0 (0)	0 (0)	-	-	-
Umbilical artery pH < 7	0 (0)	0 (0)	-	-	-
Total blood loss ≥ 1,000 mL	17 (5.3)	32 (5.4)	0.94	0.98	0.53 - 1.79
Hemotransfusion	0 (0)	0 (0)	-	-	-
Cervical laceration	3 (0.9)	8 (1.4)	0.58	0.69	0.18 - 2.61
Severe perineal laceration	0 (0)	3 (0.5)	0.2	-	-

Table 3. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Two-Parous Women With and Without Precipitate Labor

Precipitate labor

Normal group

P-value

Crude OR

95% CI

Values are expressed as number (percentage). OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval. Severe perineal laceration, perineal laceration either third- or fourth-degree laceration.

Total

320

590

Maternal age

< 20 years

0 (0)

1 (0.2)

0.47

20 - 34 years

169 (52.8)

326 (55.3)

Reference

≥ 35 years

151 (47.2)

263 (44.6)

0.46

1.11

0.84 - 1.46

Gestational age at delivery

< 37 weeks

21 (6.6)

30 (5.1)

0.28

1.37

0.77 - 2.44

37 - 40 weeks

261 (81.6)

511 (86.6)

Reference

41 - 42 weeks

38 (11.9)

49 (8.3)

0.07

1.52

0.97 - 2.38

Hypertensive disorders

30 (9.4)

15 (2.7)

< 0.01

3.71

1.99 - 6.92

Glucose intolerance

10 (3.1)

15 (2.5)

0.61

1.24

0.55 - 2.79

Oxtocin use

35 (10.9)

35 (5.9)

< 0.01

1.95

1.19 - 3.18

Placental abruption

4 (1.3)

4 (0.7)

0.38

1.85

0.46 - 1.47

Vacuum/forceps delivery

9 (2.8)

16 (2.7)

0.97

1.01

0.44 - 2.32

Neonatal birth weight

< 2,500 g

28 (8.8)

42 (7.1)

0.35

1.27

0.77 - 2.10

2,500 - 3,499 g

247 (77.2)

470 (79.7)

Reference

≥ 3,500 g

45 (14.1)

48 (13.2)

0.65

1.1

0.74 - 1.63

Apgar score at 1 min < 4

0 (0)

1 (0.2)

0.46

Apgar score at 5 min < 7

0 (0)

Umbilical artery pH < 7

0 (0)

Total blood loss ≥ 1,000 mL

17 (5.3)

32 (5.4)

0.94

0.98

0.53 - 1.79

Hemotransfusion

0 (0)

Cervical laceration

3 (0.9)

8 (1.4)

0.58

0.69

0.18 - 2.61

Severe perineal laceration

0 (0)

3 (0.5)

0.2